英汉习语语义认知机制的差异性研究  

A Comparative Study on the Semantic Cognitive Mechanisms of English and Chinese Idioms

作　　者：战海英 ZHAN Haiying

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学

出　　处：《中国外语》2025年第2期29-35,共7页Foreign Languages in China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“数智赋能视域下的中国秦文化历史遗迹国际传播话语研究”(编号:24YJA740060);陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项年度项目“‘AI+数智’驱动下的陕西秦文化历史遗迹国际传播话语研究”(编号:2025YB0030);西安理工大学人文社科研究专项“人工智能与数智化转型下的西安秦文化遗址国际传播话语建构”(编号:2024RY001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文依据认知语言学心理空间映射理论,建构英汉习语语义的动态认知衍化过程,对比分析英汉习语语义认知机制的差异性及原因。基于对语料库中1710对英汉习语的观察、分析与讨论,本研究发现:在表征同一个习语语义时,汉语习语的始源域或输入空间中通常存在隐性元素,包括以下三种情况:(1)连动结构中两个动作的主语不同,其中一个施动者是显性的,另一个施动者是隐性的;(2)被动语义在表征时通常是隐性的;(3)始源域或输入空间中有时存在隐性动词元素和隐性连词元素,而英语习语的始源域或输入空间中通常不存在隐性元素。This paper,grounded in the mental spaces and mapping theory of cognitive linguistics,delineates the dynamic cognitive process of English and Chinese idioms.It compares and analyzes the differences in semantic cognitive mechanisms between the two languages and the reasons for them.Through the observation,analysis,and discussion of a corpus comprising 1710 pairs of English and Chinese idioms,this study reveals that Chinese idioms typically contain recessive elements in the source domain or input space when conveying the same semantic meaning.These elements manifest in three distinct scenarios:(1)In the linking structure,the subjects of two actions are distinct,with one agent being predominant and the other being implicit;(2)Passive semantics are often implicit in their representation;(3)Occasionally,Chinese idioms feature implicit verb and conjunction elements,whereas English idioms generally lack such implicit elements.

关 键 词：英语习语 汉语习语 语义认知机制 差异性 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]