摭论清初实学与气本论哲学的发展  

The Development of Realism and Promordial Qi Philosophy in the Early Qing Dynasty

作　　者：何潇 HE Xiao(School of Arts,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming Yunnan 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学文学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《四川职业技术学院学报》2025年第2期128-134,共7页Journal of Sichuan Vocational and Technical College

基　　金：云南师范大学校级项目“清中期汉宋学思想与骈文复兴研究”(YJSJJ23-B51)。

摘　　要：清初学术面对理学的清谈空疏之风,王夫之、顾炎武、黄宗羲将经世致用与学术相结合,救正明末理学的种种流弊。涉及现实中各领域方面的探讨,其根本在于对理学本体论的不同认识,即对“气本论”的完善与超越。由此出发的“道器”关系与工夫论也产生了变化,向着“物质化”理解嬗变,形成了“道”以“器”见,以及“由工夫见本体”这些不同于传统理学诠释的观点。进而重“形”、尚实的思维发散至各个范畴的讨论之中,实学理论体系得以建立,尝试扭转儒学的讨论核心,并指导包含文学理论在内的各类实践活动。在实学探究进程中的治学方法与启蒙意义对于清中期的学术亦产生了重要影响。In the early Qing Dynasty,in the face of the empty talk of the science,Wang Fuzhi,Gu Yanwu,and Huang Zongxi combined the study of the world with the academic world,and saved the science of the late Ming Dynasty from all kinds of malpractices.Involving the discussion of various fields of reality,the fundamental lies in the different understanding of the ontology of the science,that is,the perfection and transcendence of the“promordial qi philosophy”.From this,the relationship between the Tao and the Instrument and the theory of work also changed,transmuting towards a“materialized”understanding,forming the“Tao”to be seen by the“instrument”.The“Tao”is seen in terms of the“apparatus”and the“work to see the essence”are different from the traditional interpretation of the science.The thinking of emphasizing“form”and realism spread to the discussion of various categories,and the theoretical system of realism was established in an attempt to reverse the core of Confucianism's discussion and to guide all kinds of practical activities,including literary theory.The method of governance and enlightenment in the process of realist inquiry also had an important impact on the academics in the mid-Qing period.

关 键 词：王夫之 顾炎武 黄宗羲 实学 气本论哲学 道器关系 

分 类 号：B249[哲学宗教—中国哲学]