“刘歆伪古文”与康有为经学大一统思想  

“Liu Xin's Forged Ancient Script”and Kang Youwei's Ideology on Great Unity in Classical Studies

作　　者：张兴成[1] ZHANG Xingcheng(Southwest University)

机构地区：[1]西南大学文学院

出　　处：《中华民族共同体研究》2025年第1期29-46,M0004,共19页Journal of the Chinese Nation Studies

基　　金：2023年度国家社会科学基金项目“清代经学与书学关系研究”(23BZX045)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“刘歆伪古文”是康有为批驳古文经的重要视角,也是康有为今文经学转向的标志性观点之一。本文系统讨论了“刘歆伪古文”说的主要理路、论证方法和提出时间,深入辨析了康氏“古文”观的实质、思想意图以及其中存在的矛盾问题。康有为强调大一统,以三代文字、籀文、孔子写经文字以及汉代今文经文字为唯一的“正文”统绪,否定还存在以六国文字书写的古文经系统,并据此认为《汉志》《说文》等关于古文经及其文字的记载多为伪说。在慈禧摄政和地方分权的现实语境中,这种大一统观有着明显的政治隐喻性与现实针对性,亦无异于是思想和文教层面的“书同文”。“刘歆伪古文”问题不仅涉及康氏早年的经学思想演变,亦关乎中国经学思想的现代衍化方向,值得深入辨析。The concept of“Liu Xin's forged ancient script”(Liu Xin wei guwen)was a key perspective in Kang Youwei's critique of the ancient script classics(Guwen jing)and served as a hallmark of his transition toward new text classical studies(jinwen jingxue).This article systematically examines the main arguments,methods of reasoning,and timeline of the emergence of Kang's Liu Xin wei guwen thesis,while also providing an in-depth analysis of his understanding of guwen,his ideological intentions,and the contradictions within his arguments.Kang Youwei,emphasizing the principle of the Great Unity(da yitong),recognized only the textual lineage of the Three Dynasties'script,Zhou script,the script used by Confucius in writing the classics,and the jinwen(New Text)script of the Han dynasty as the legitimate textual tradition.He denied the existence of an Ancient Script Classics system written in the scripts of the Warring States period and,based on this stance,asserted that records in texts such as the Shuowen and the Hanzhi concerning guwen classics and their script were fabrications by Liu Xin.Within the political context of Empress Dowager Cixi's regency and the increasing decentralization of power,Kang's vision of da yitong carried strong political implications and real-world applications,resembling a textual and intellectual parallel to the policy of script unification(shu tong wen).The debate over Liu Xin wei guwen is not only central to the evolution of Kang Youwei's classical scholarship but also crucial in understanding the modern transformation of Chinese classical studies,making it a topic worthy of deeper investigation.

关 键 词：康有为 刘歆 古文 经学 大一统 

分 类 号：B258[哲学宗教—中国哲学]