湖南小麦的发展历史与研究现状  

The Development History and Research Status of Wheat in Hunan

作　　者：李基光 王素华[1,2,3] 陈戈 杨学乐 何世才 彭振 李勇 汤睿 LI Ji-guang;WANG Su-hua;CHEN Ge;YANG Xue-e;HE Shi-cai;PENG Zhen;LI Yong;TANG Rui(Crop Research Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha 410125,PRC;Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,PRC;Yuelushan Laboratory,Changsha 410128,PRC;Yueyang Agricultural and Rural Affairs Center,Yueyang 414000,PRC;Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Pailou Township,Anren 423600,PRC;The People's Government of Le'an Town in Anhua County,Anhua 413523,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省作物研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南省农业科学院,湖南长沙410125 [3]岳麓山实验室,湖南长沙410128 [4]岳阳市农业农村事务中心,湖南岳阳414000 [5]安仁县牌楼乡农业综合服务中心,湖南安仁423600 [6]安化县乐安镇人民政府,湖南安化413523

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2025年第3期98-104,共7页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家作物种质资源库湖南分库(NCGRC-2024-056);湖南省农业种质资源保护与利用(湘财农指〔2024〕59号)。

摘　　要：湖南小麦栽培历史可追溯至汉代甚至更早,产区集中在洞庭湖区及雪峰山脉以西。湖南是全国最早开展小麦研究的省份之一,先后育成了湘麦1号、湘麦2号、湘3017、湘麦12号、湘麦13号等知名品种,首创了两系法利用小麦杂种优势技术,在促进小麦生产发展和选育抗赤霉病新品种方面发挥了积极作用。湖南在小麦衍生功能研究方面也有较大进展,为相关产业发展提供了技术支撑,一批以小麦为原料的精深加工产业项目正成为湖南粮食产业发展的新动能。然而,湖南在发展小麦生产方面仍面临科技支撑不足、种植布局不合理、栽培管理落后等问题。展望未来,湖南在发展小麦生产方面仍需坚守阵地,加大科研投入力度,培养专业的科研团队,积极开展优质、抗赤霉病小麦新品种的选育工作,统一小麦品种,引导连片种植,制定生产标准,以开放的理念、创新的思维开创湖南粮食产业发展的新局面。The history of wheat cultivation in Hunan can be traced back to the Han Dynasty or even earlier,and the production areas are mainly distributed in the Dongting Lake area and the west of Xuefeng Mountains.Hunan is one of the earliest provinces in the country to carry out wheat research.Xiangmai 1,Xiangmai 2,Xiang 3017,Xiangmai 12,Xiangmai 13 and other well-known varieties have been bred successively,and the two-line method using wheat heterosis technology has been first created,which has played a positive role in promoting the development of wheat production and breeding new varieties resistant to Fusarium head blight.What's more,Hunan has made great progress in the research on wheat derivative functions,providing technical support for the development of related industries,and a number of deep processing industry projects using wheat as raw materials are becoming a new driving force for the development of Hunan's grain industry.However,Hunan still faces some problems in developing wheat production,such as insufficient scientific and technological support,unreasonable planting layout and backward cultivation management.Looking forward to the future,Hunan still needs to increase investment in scientific research,train professional scientific research teams,actively carry out the selection and breeding of new wheat varieties with high quality and resistance to Fusarium head blight,plant unified wheat varieties in the same region,and formulate production standards in the development of wheat production,and create a new situation in the development of Hunan's grain industry with open ideas and innovative thinking.

关 键 词：湖南小麦 发展历史 研究现状 两系杂交小麦 赤霉病 小麦加工 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]