论智力测试神话的现实建构及其教育祛魅——兼论拔尖创新人才如何涌现  

The Realistic Construction of the Myth of Intelligence Test and Its Educational Disenchantment:Discussion on How Top Innovative Talents Emerge

作　　者：张伟 ZHANG Wei

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学教育科学学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2025年第4期118-128,共11页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(2024SJZD083)——教师资源跨区域配置的省域推进路径研究。

摘　　要：智力测试在现代社会被普遍认为是一种能预测个体发展前景与未来成就的科学工具,这种观念实际上是人为建构的产物,心理学科的利益追求、教育普及的社会需求与介入战争的时代诉求共同搭建起“智力测试神话”的现实基础。智力测试神话的出现是近代以来科学话语逐步在社会生活领域赢得霸权的鲜明体现,标准化考试以智力测试为背书不容置疑地进入教育场域中,谁有权享受教育、接受何种教育及教育成效如何衡量等问题被彻底重塑。以“神话”为根基的标准化教育既无法为拔尖创新人才的选拔和培养提供科学指引与理论证成,又切实影响到社会对人才标准的价值认定与事实理解,成为引发人才危机的现实渊薮,人才培养应以对标准化教育的祛魅为前提,未来要实现从“选拔”到“涌现”的人才定义标准的转换,同时要推进从“实用”到“人本”的人才教育理念的革新。Intelligence tests are generally considered in modern society to be a scientific tool that can predict individual development prospects and future achievements.This concept is actually a product of artificial construction.The pursuit of interests in psychology,the social demand for education popularization,and the demands of the times for intervention in war have jointly built the realistic foundation of the“intelligence test myth”.The emergence of the intelligence test myth is a clear manifestation of the gradual hegemony of scientific discourse in the field of social life since modern times.Standardized tests have undoubtedly entered the education field with intelligence tests as their endorsement.Questions such as who has the right to education,what kind of education people receive,and how to measure the effectiveness of education have been completely reshaped.Standardized education based on“myths”can neither provide scientific guidance and theoretical justification for the selection and training of top innovative talents,nor can it effectively affect the value recognition and factual understanding of talent standards in society,becoming a cognitive source of talent crisis.The cultivation of talents should be based on the disenchantment of standardized education.In the future,we must realize the transformation of talent definition standards from“selection”to“emergence”,and at the same time promote the innovation of talent education concepts from“practical”to“humanistic”.

关 键 词：智力测试 智力神话 标准化教育 拔尖创新人才 人才培养 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]