苦荞RILs群体千粒质量和粒形的遗传特性分析  

Analysis of genetic characteristics of thousand-grain weight and grain shape in RILs population of Tartary buckwheat

作　　者：石茂竹 黎瑞源[2] 刘迪 陈庆富[1] 王莉花[3] 石桃雄 SHI Maozhu;LI Ruiyuan;LIU Di;CHEN Qingfu;WANG Lihua;SHI Taoxiong(School of Life Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China;Key Laboratory of Information and Computing Science of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550001,China;Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳550001 [2]贵州师范大学贵州省信息与计算科学重点实验室,贵州贵阳550001 [3]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所/云南省农业生物技术重点实验室,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2025年第2期302-313,共12页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260489);国家现代农业产业体系荞麦育种岗位科学家专项资金(CARS-07-A5);云南省重大科技专项与重点研发计划项目(202202AE090020)。

摘　　要：【目的】千粒质量是苦荞产量性状三大构成因素之一,其大小由粒形(粒长、粒宽和粒厚)和籽粒充实度等决定,研究千粒质量和粒形的遗传变异与分子机理对苦荞育种有着十分重要的意义。【方法】以‘晋荞麦2号×品苦1号’衍生的重组自交系(JP-RILs)群体为材料,在2个环境中对粒长、粒宽、长宽比及千粒质量等4个性状进行变异、主基因+多基因遗传模型、相关性和聚类等分析。【结果】在E1和E22个环境中,JP-RILs群体的4个调查性状均呈现连续的变异及明显的双向超亲分离现象,其中长宽比变异系数最大(15.30%、15.70%),其次是粒长(11.27%、11.03%),粒宽变异系数最小(5.46%、5.94%)。粒宽的最佳模型均为MX1-A-AI,受1对加性上位性主基因+加性多基因控制,主基因遗传率分别为69.84%和62.68%,多基因遗传率分别为23.90%和34.24%。长宽比的最佳模型均为4MG-AI,受4对加性主基因控制,主基因遗传率分别为98.07%和98.26%。粒长的最佳模型分别为4MG-AI和1MG-A,受4对或1对加性主基因控制,主基因遗传率分别为97.98%和88.39%。千粒质量的最佳模型分别为2MG-DE和4MG-EEEA,受2对重叠主基因或4对加性主基因控制,主基因遗传率分别为36.61%和70.43%。聚类分析筛选出千粒质量较大的长粒和圆粒类型以及千粒质量较低的圆粒类型,可作为新品种选育以及粒形和千粒质量遗传学研究的基础材料。【结论】苦荞JP-RILs群体千粒质量和粒形均存在明显的主效基因,且上位性效应占主导地位,为苦荞粒形和千粒质量的QTL定位和遗传改良提供依据。[Objective]Thousand grain weight is one of the three major components of yield traits in Tartary buckwheat,which is determined by grain size(grain length,grain width and grain thickness)and grain plumpness.Studying genetic variation and molecular mechanism of grain weight and grain size is of great significance for Tartary buckwheat breeding.[Method]In the study,grain length(GL),grain width(GW),length to width ratio(L/W)and 1000-grain weight(TGW)of‘Jinqiaomai 2×Pinku 1’recombinant inbred lines(JP-RILs)population were subjected to variation analysis,mixed major genes+polygene genetic model analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis under two environments.[Result]A continuous distribution and transgressive segregative distribution was observed for the four tested traits in the JP-RILs population under two environments.The coefficient of variation was the largest for L/W(15.30%,15.70%),followed by GL(11.27%,11.03%),and was the smallest for GW(5.46%,5.94%).The optimal genetic model of GW was both MX1-A-AI under two environments,which was controlled by one additive epistatic major gene,with the heritability of the major gene of 69.84%and 62.68%,and that of the polygene of 23.90%and 34.24%.The optimal genetic model of L/W was both 4MG-AI under two environments,which was controlled by four additive major genes,with the heritability of the major gene of 98.07%and 98.26%.The optimal genetic model of GL was 4MG-AI under E1 and 1MG-A under E2 environment,which was controlled by four additive major genes and one additive major gene with the heritability of the major gene of 97.98%and 88.39%,respectively.The optimal genetic model of TGW was 2MG-DE under E1 and 4MG-EEEA under E2 environment,which was controlled by two duplicate major genes and four partly additive major genes with the heritability of the major gene of 36.61%and 70.43%,respectively.Lines with high TGW and long-tapered grains or round-shaped grains and lines with low TGW and round-shaped grains were screened by cluster analysis,which can be consider

关 键 词：苦荞 重组自交系 粒形 主基因+多基因遗传模型 相关性分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S517[农业科学—作物学]