公众参与科学决策的整体认知与制度设计——基于公务员视角的质性研究  

Overall Perception and Institutional Design of Citizen Participation in Scientific Decision-Making——A Qualitative Study Based on the Perspective of Civil Servants

作　　者：储梦然 杨开峰[2,3] Chu Mengran;Yang Kaifeng(Postdoctoral Researcher at Hubei University,Hubei 430062;School of Public Administration and Policy;Director of Center for Evidence-based Governance,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学公共管理学院,武汉430062 [2]中国人民大学公共管理学院 [3]中国人民大学循证治理与公共绩效研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2025年第2期94-107,共14页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金专项项目“公共数据开放利用与授权运营理论与制度设计”(编号:72342010)。

摘　　要：公众参与是保障科学决策的一项重要制度安排。公务员在公众参与实践的深化中扮演着关键角色,其管理认知和行为会深度影响公众参与的过程和结果。然而,现有国内外研究对公务员如何看待公众参与、开展制度设计的研究尚显不足。本研究通过扎根理论分析我国地方公务员关于公众参与的整体认知和制度设计考量,研究发现:公务员在公众参与认知上表现出务实主义、程序主义、精英主义和形式主义四种类型。并且,认知类型差异会影响公务员对公众参与的制度设计,尤其是对参与者代表性的管理意愿和具体做法。上述发现有助于填补研究空白,为公众参与科学决策的制度设计优化提供重要的理论和实践启示。Citizen participation is a pivotal institutional arrangement for achieving scientific decision-making.Civil servants play a key role in deepening the practice of citizen participation and can deeply influence the process and outcome of citizen participation.Existing domestic and international literature has not yet accumulated enough knowledge about how civil servants perceive and design citizen participation.This study uses grounded theory to analyze the overall perceptions and institutional design considerations of local civil servants toward citizen participation in China.The study finds the main types of how civil servants view citizen participation,namely:pragmatism,proceduralism,elitism,and formalism.Moreover,differences in cognitive types affect civil servants' institutional design of citizen participation,especially their willingness and actions to manage participant representativeness.Those findings help to fill the research gaps and provide important theoretical and practical insights for the optimization of the institutional design of citizen participation in scientific decision-making.

关 键 词：公众参与 地方公务员 参与者代表性 扎根理论 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]