干燥方式对烟花有机酸含量的影响及判别分析  

Effects of Drying Methods on Organic Acid Contents of Tobacco Flowers and Discriminant Analysis

作　　者：许明磊 侯小东[1] 张忠锋[1] 田雷 魏玉磊[4] 韩晓 谭效磊 杜咏梅[1] XU Minglei;HOU Xiaodong;ZHANG Zhongfeng;TIAN Lei;WEI Yulei;HAN Xiao;TAN Xiaolei;DU Yongmei(Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS,Qingdao 266101,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276000,Shandong,China;Technology Center of China Tobacco Shandong Industry Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]山东临沂烟草有限公司,山东临沂276000 [4]山东中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,济南250013

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2025年第2期69-74,82,共7页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重点研发项目(110202102022);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司重点研发项目(2022XM14);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(APTIP-TRIC05)。

摘　　要：为开发烟草花序(简称烟花)在烟用香料方面的利用价值,并建立基于关键有机酸的烟花干燥方式判别模型,利用GC/MS检测,分析7种干燥方式下烟花有机酸含量的差异,应用偏最小二乘-判别分析(PLS-DA)筛选出关键差异有机酸,并应用Fisher判别分析建立烟花干燥方式的判别模型。结果表明,(1)不同干燥方式烟花挥发酸为具有特征香气的苯甲酸、苯乙酸、3-甲基戊酸,总量为116~181μg/g;非挥发酸总量为59.7~77.0 mg/g,草酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸含量之和占92.5%~97.8%;高级脂肪酸总量为22.4~65.2 mg/g,不饱和脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸)占58.7%~76.6%。(2)干燥方式对烟花有机酸含量影响显著:烟花挥发酸总量以晾干最高,其次是程序升温干燥和晒干,冷冻干燥最低;非挥发酸总量以冷冻干燥最高,恒温65℃干燥最低;高级脂肪酸总量以冷冻干燥最高,晾干最低。(3)应用PLS-DA可将7种干燥方式分为5类:冷冻干燥、程序升温干燥、恒温干燥、晒干、晾干,并基于PLS-DA模型VIP值,筛选出不同干燥方式的7种关键差异有机酸(戊二酸、油酸、硬脂酸、草酸、柠檬酸、肉豆蔻酸、苯乙酸),由此建立了5类烟花干燥方式的Fisher判别模型,其训练集和测试集的判别正确率分别为96.7%、100%。综上,晾干、晒干或程序升温(至59℃)干燥的烟花有机酸组成更适用于烟用香料,有机酸可作为烟花资源干燥方式有效判别的特征化学成分。To explore the utilization of tobacco flower in tobacco flavoring applications and establish discriminant model for drying methods based on key organic acids,GC/MS was employed to analyze the differences in organic acid content across seven drying methods.Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)was used to identify key differential organic acids,followed by Fisher discriminant analysis to construct a discriminant model for identifying drying methods.Results showed as the follows.(1)Volatile acids in tobacco flowers treated with different drying methods were identified as benzoic acid,phenylacetic acid and 3-methylpentanoic acid(with characteristic aroma),with total content ranging from 116 to 181μg/g.The total content of non-volatile acids ranged from 59.7 to 77.0 mg/g,with the sum of oxalic acid,malic acid and citric acid content accounting for approximately 92.5%to 97.8%of the total.The total content of higher fatty acids ranged from 22.4 to 65.2 mg/g,with unsaturated fatty acids(oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid)accounting for about 58.7%to 76.6%of the total.(2)Drying methods significantly affected organic acid contents:air drying achieved the highest volatile acid content,followed by programmed heating drying and sun drying,whereas freeze drying yielded the lowest.Non-volatile acids reached peak levels during freeze drying,whereas their minimum content were observed in 65℃constant temperature drying.The total content of higher fatty acids was the highest in freeze drying and the lowest in air drying.(3)PLS-DA classified the seven drying methods into five categories:freeze drying,programmed heating drying,constant temperature drying,sun drying,and air drying.Based on the VIP values from the PLS-DA model,seven key differential organic acids,namely glutaric acid,oleic acid,stearic acid,oxalic acid,citric acid,myristic acid,and phenylacetic acid,were identified as characteristic markers.Subsequently,a Fisher discriminant model was established for the five categories of tobacco flower dryin

关 键 词：烟花 干燥方式 有机酸 偏最小二乘-判别分析(PLS-DA) FISHER判别分析 

分 类 号：TS411[农业科学—烟草工业]