全面抗战时期晋察冀边区的识字教育与乡村社会变革  

Literacy Education and Rural Social Transformation in the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region during the Period of Total Resistance against Japanese Aggression

作　　者：倪华北 张小鹏 NI Huabei;ZHANG Xiaopeng(School of Marxism,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510220,China;School of Marxism,Yili Normal University,Yining 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510220 [2]伊犁师范大学马克思主义学院,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《长春师范大学学报》2025年第3期98-105,共8页Journal of Changchun Normal University

基　　金：2024年“伊师党旗红”基层党建特色项目(YSDJ2024011)。

摘　　要：晋察冀边区成立后,面对边区庞大的文盲数量和抗战动员的形势要求,结合抗战任务和民众日常生活,开展识字教育。为顺利推进识字教育,边区采取了一系列行之有效的举措:其一,推行小先生制,缓解师资短缺问题,将识字教育推广到每个乡村;其二,运用识字牌,将站岗放哨与识字教育有机结合,使识字教育融入民众日常生活的各个方面;其三,组织识字竞赛,掀起民众识字的热潮。通过以上举措,识字教育逐渐内化为边区民众日常生活的重要内容,有效地推进了边区的抗战动员,重塑了边区的社会秩序和社会风气,强化了中国共产党对晋察冀乡村社会的领导。After the establishment of the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region,in response to the widespread illiteracy and the demands of wartime mobilization,literacy education was promoted by integrating wartime tasks with the daily lives of the people.To ensure the successful implementation,the border region adopted a series of effective measures:first,the little teacher system was introduced to alleviate the shortage of teachers and extend literacy education to every village;second,sentry literacy boards were utilized to integrate guard duty with literacy education,while the“object-based literacy”method was promoted to incorporate literacy learning into all aspects of daily life;third,literacy competitions were organized to spark enthusiasm for learning among the populace.These initiatives gradually embedded literacy education into the daily lives of the border region's residents,effectively advancing wartime mobilization,reshaping social order and public ethos,and strengthening the Communist Party of China's leadership over rural society in the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region.

关 键 词：识字教育 小先生制 识字牌 识字竞赛 社会变革 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学]