高中学科奥赛学习经历对大学生发展的影响——兼论“强基计划”学生与非“强基计划”学生的异同  

The Impact of Academic High School Olympiad Experience on Undergraduate Student Development:A Comparative Study of Students in the Pilot Reform Program of Enrollment for Fundamental Disciplines and Non-Participants

作　　者：王牛 赵书艺 马莉萍[2] WANG Niu;ZHAO Shuyi;MA Liping(Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学教育经济研究所,北京100871

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2025年第4期25-33,共9页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：北京市哲学社会科学基金规划重点项目“强基计划下拔尖创新人才选拔与培养的追踪研究”(23JYA002)的研究成果。

摘　　要：高中学科奥赛之于拔尖创新人才选拔培养有重要作用。基于某“强基计划”试点高校本科生三年追踪调查数据,运用定量与质性结合的研究方法,从学业表现、科研参与和能力发展三维度,比较奥赛生与非奥赛生在大学期间的发展。研究发现:奥赛生在大一、大二学业和科研参与显著优于非奥赛生,但优势随年级升高逐渐减弱;在学习能力、沟通能力和自我效能感上,奥赛生自我评价显著更高,且差距随年级上升逐渐扩大;强基生中,有无奥赛经历的学生学业表现无显著差异,但有奥赛经历学生的科研参与度更高。在为基于奥赛成绩的保送与强基计划破格政策提供实证支持基础上,建议针对学科特点与高校层次细化选拔标准,配套县域生源补偿机制,最终形成兼顾科学性与包容性的拔尖人才选拔生态。High school academic Olympiads have played a significant role in selecting and cultivating top innovative talents.Based on a three-year longitudinal dataset from a university participating in China’s Pilot Reform Program of Enrollment for Fundamental Disciplines(PRPEFD),this study used a mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative research to compared the college development of Olympiad-trained and non-Olympiad students across three dimensions:academic performance,research engagement,and competency development.The study reveals that:Olympiad students significantly outperformed their non-Olympiad peers in academic performance and research participation in their freshman and sophomore years,though this advantage diminished gradually.Olympiad students also rated themselves higher in learning ability,communication skills,and self-efficacy,with the gap widening as grades progressed.Among students admitted through the PRPEFD,those with and without Olympiad experience showed no significant difference in academic performance but had a notable disparity in research participation.Building on empirical support for Olympiad-based admission policies and exceptional enrollment mechanisms under the PRPEFD,this article proposes refining discipline-specific selection criteria across institutional tiers,complemented by compensatory mechanisms for students from under-resourced regions,to establish a merit-based selection ecosystem that balances scientific rigor and inclusiveness.

关 键 词：学科奥赛 “强基计划” 拔尖创新人才 大学生发展 

分 类 号：G632.0[文化科学—教育学]