“落实宅基地集体所有权”的私法实现  

The Private Law Implementation Mechanism for“Implementing Collective Ownership of Homestead Land”

作　　者：管洪彦 张蓓 Guan Hongyan;Zhang Bei

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130012 [2]山东政法学院民商法学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2025年第5期9-18,共10页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘落实集体所有权’的私法逻辑与实现路径研究”(22BFX074)。

摘　　要：政策文本中频繁强调要“落实宅基地集体所有权”,但落实宅基地集体所有权的法律制度供给却存在明显缺失。宅基地集体所有权是一项私法权利,落实宅基地集体所有权应当具有明确的所有权权利主体和行使主体、健全的所有权权能体系,以及有效的所有权行使和保障机制。落实宅基地集体所有权是深化宅基地制度改革的基础,是保障农民居住权益的要求,也是解决宅基地问题的路径。但当前落实宅基地集体所有权仍面临行使主体弱势、权能体系羸弱、行使和保障机制匮乏等制度困境。从私法上落实宅基地集体所有权,应从宅基地规划、分配、流转、继承、收回等关键环节强化农村集体经济组织的行使主体地位,从管理权能、收益权能、处分权能方面健全宅基地所有权的权能体系,并通过拓宽成员集体形成决议的渠道、完善宅基地所有权行使的自治规则、建立宅基地矛盾纠纷的多元调处化解机制等方式丰富宅基地所有权的行使和保障机制。The policy often emphasizes the necessity to“implementing collective ownership of homestead land,”but there is a clear lack of legal system supply for implementing collective ownership of homestead land.Collective ownership of homestead land is a private law right,and the implementation of collective ownership of homestead land should have clear ownership rights and exercise subjects,a sound ownership power system,and effective ownership exercise and protection mechanisms.Implementing collective ownership of homestead land is the foundation for deepening the reform of the homestead system,a requirement for safeguarding farmers’housing rights,and a path to solving the problem of homestead land.However,currently implementing collective ownership of homestead land still faces institutional difficulties such as weak exercise subject,weak ownership power system,and lack of exercise and protection mechanisms.To implement collective ownership of homesteads in private law,it is necessary to strengthen the exercise subject of rural collective economic organizations in key aspects such as homestead planning,distribution,circulation,inheritance,and recovery.The power system of homestead ownership should be improved in terms of management power,income power,and disposal power.The exercise and protection mechanism of homestead ownership should be enriched by expanding the channels for members to form collective resolutions,improving the autonomous rules for exercising homestead ownership,and establishing a diversified mediation and resolution mechanism for homestead conflicts and disputes.

关 键 词：宅基地 集体所有权 宅基地使用权 农村集体经济组织 成员集体 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]