《周易·系辞上》“大卦”“小卦”说辨析  

Discrimination on“Great Hexagrams”and“Small Hexagrams”in XiciⅠof the Changes

作　　者：王政杰 WANG Zheng-jie

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《周易研究》2025年第2期32-40,共9页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：国家留学基金委“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”(202306210220)。

摘　　要：《周易·系辞上》“齐小大者存乎卦”“卦有小大”二句及其衍生的“大卦”“小卦”概念在易学史上解释不一。相关解释可分为阴小阳大说、卦义好坏说、卦之用词说、综合说四种,总体上以阴小阳大说为主流。阴小阳大说在如何判断卦之阴阳的问题上莫衷一是,卦义好坏说过于重辞轻象,卦之用词说与经文多不合,综合说则有着较好的解释效力。《系辞》是判断“小大”定义的核心文本。从《系辞》对“卦”的论述来看,“齐小大者存乎卦”的“卦”应当理解为整体的卦象,着重强调其法象与取类义。卦名未说明小大之卦,应根据卦主的阴阳及其与相关卦的关系进行综合判断。“小”“大”是易学的重要范畴,卦之小大的判别对于理解《周易》卦象有重要价值。The two sentences that“the small ones and the great ones become equal in hexagrams”and“there are great and small hexagrams”and the derived concepts of“great hexagram”and“small hexagram”in Xici(Great Treatise)I of the Changes,have been interpreted differently in the history of Changes scholarship.The relevant explanations can be divided into four types:yin is small and yang is great,there are good or bad meanings of hexagrams,the using of words of hexagrams,and comprehensive interpretation.Overall,the argument that yin is small and yang is great shapes the mainstream,whereas there is no consensus on how to judge the yin or yang of a hexagram.The view in regard to good or bad meanings emphasizes words over images,which is often inconsistent with the motif of the scripture.Only the comprehensive interpretation has good explanatory efficacy.The Xici is the core text for determining the definition of“small and great”.From the discussion of hexagrams in Xici,it can be seen that the“hexagram”in“the small ones and the great ones become equal in hexagrams”should be understood as the overall hexagram image,emphasizing the meaning of imitating image and analogical associations.For hexagrams whose names do not specify small or great,a comprehensive judgment should be made based on the yin and yang of the hexagram ruler and their relationship with related hexagrams.“Small”and“great”are important categories in the study of Yi,and the distinction between the small and great is of great value for understanding the hexagram images in the Changes.

关 键 词：《系辞》 卦有小大 阴阳 象 辞 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]