论《四库全书总目》对王弼易学的学术批评  

On the Academic Criticism to Wang Bi's Scholarship on the Changes in the General Catalogue of the Siku quanshu

作　　者：倪宇航 NI YU-hang

机构地区：[1]西南大学文学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《周易研究》2025年第2期41-51,共11页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要：《四库全书总目》对王弼易学少有褒扬公允之评价,而多斥其有尚空言、涉异学、乱经典、好门户之争四大弊端。馆臣将王弼易学与宋学相联系且对二者的态度、评价如出一辙。《总目》承载了乾隆后期对待朱子学与宋学的贬斥之态。在馆臣眼中,朱子学承继了王弼易学的学术脉络,二者属于同一体系的学问。一方面,乾隆早期对宋学抱以善意,为维护高宗颜面,《总目》将批判朱子学与宋学的焦点一定程度上转移为对王弼易学的指摘。另一方面,乾隆欲收归朱子占有的经学话语权,《总目》则通过抨击王弼易学侧面打击以朱子学为代表的宋学,从而使高宗的话语权凌越后者。《总目》既达到了贬宋的目的,亦维护与树立了乾隆作为圣人的颜面与权威。由此,《总目》将王弼易学定性为非正统易学,并以其为衬托来抬高汉易象数学一派的学术地位。王弼易学虽在易学史上地位较高,但在《总目》的相关批评中却依附宋学而存在,未必具有独立地位。The General Catalogue of the Siku quanshu(Complete Collection of the Four Treasuries)rarely praises and evaluates Wang Bi's(226-249)scholarship on the Changes,but mostly criticizes its four major drawbacks:empty words,involvement in unorthodox doctrines,creating confusion with classics,and being fond of the rivalry between different schools.The officials compiling the Siku quanshu linked Wang Bi's scholarship with the Yijing studies of the Song(960-1279)dynasty,and had similar attitudes and evaluations toward both.The General Catalogue carries the derogatory attitude toward Zhu Xi's(1130-1200)scholarship and the Song(960-1279)Yi tradition in the late period of Emperor Qianlong(r.1736-1796).In the eyes of the officials,Zhu Xi's scholarship inherited the academic lineage of Wang Bi's,and the two belong to the same academic system.On the one hand,in the early years of Emperor Qianlong's reign,he held good intentions towards Song studies.In order to maintain the reputation of Emperor Gaozong(1107-1187),the General Catalogue shifted the focus of the criticism of Zhu Xi's study and studies in Song Dynasty to a certain extent towards criticizing Wang Bi's Yi studies.On the other hand,Emperor Qianlong intended to regain the discourse power of Confucian classics held by Zhu Xi,while the General Catalogue indirectly attacked discourses in the Song dynasty represented by Zhu Xi's scholarship through criticizing Wang Bi's scholarship,thus allowing Emperor Qianlong's discourse power to surpass Zhu Xi's teaching.The General Catalogue not only achieved the goal of demoting the Song tradition,but also maintained and established the dignity and authority of Emperor Qianlong as a sage.Therefore,the General Catalogue classified Wang Bi's scholarship as nonorthodoxy and used it as a backdrop to elevate the academic status of the image-numerological school of Changes scholarship popular in the Han dynasty(206 BCE-220 CE).Although Wang Bi's scholarship enjoys a high status in the history of Yijing studies,it is attached to the Song sc

关 键 词：《四库全书总目》 乾隆 王弼 易学 宋学 汉易 

分 类 号：G257[文化科学—图书馆学] B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]