孙一奎医易学研究  

On Sun Yikui's Theory Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Changes

作　　者：姚春鹏[1] 陈传照 YAO Chun-peng;SUN Chuan-zhao

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学政治与公共管理学院哲学系,山东日照276826

出　　处：《周易研究》2025年第2期81-88,共8页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目:“新编中医哲学思想通史”(20&ZD032);国家社科基金后期资助项目:“象思维与中医理论建构”(22FZXB042)。

摘　　要：孙一奎在理学背景下重新诠释了医学与易学的关系。他以朱熹理气合一的理气论为出发点,提出了“不知《易》,不足以言太医”的医易观。所谓医易相通,是指在理学视域下易学与医学之根本原理的贯通,而不是功用或表现形式上的相通。孙一奎根据其理学化的医易相通思想,融贯医学与易学,创造性地提出了肾间动气命门的生命太极论,并在此基础上重构人体生命结构与功能系统,认为三焦是沟通先天命门与后天脏腑经络的中介系统。与肾间动气的先天太极相对,宗气则是后天太极,宗气、营气、卫气构成了后天的太极阴阳关系。人身生命活动就是直接由此三气运行于脏腑经络之中生成的脏腑经络之气来推动的。Sun Yikui(1522-1619)reinterpreted the relationship between Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and Changes scholarship in the context of Neo-Confucianism.He took Zhu Xi's(1130-1200)theory of the unity of li(principle)and qi(material force)as the starting point and proposed the view that“he who is not well versed in the Changes cannot become an excellent TCM doctor.”The so-called“TCM and the Changes are interconnected”refers to the integration of the fundamental principles of the Changes and TCM under the horizon of Neo-Confucianism,rather than functional or formal consistency between them.Sun Yikui creatively fused TCM and Changes scholarship and proposed the Life-Taiji(Supreme Ultimate)theory of the yuan(primordial)qi(material force)stored in the Gate of Life(located in middle position)between the two kidneys,which has the academic feature of Neo-Confucianism.On this basis,he reconstructed the body structure and functional system of human,believing that the sanjiao(Triple-Energizer)is the intermediary system that connects the innate life gate with the acquired organs and meridians.In contrast to the innate Taiji of Former Heaven that involves the essential qi stored in the middle position between the kidneys,the zong qi(Pectoral Qi)is in correspondence of Taiji of Later Heaven,and the zong qi,ying qi(Nutritive Qi),and wei qi(Defensive Qi)constitute the relationship of Taiji and yin-yang in Later Heaven.The activity of human life is directly driven by the qi of the organs and meridians generated by the operation of these three kinds of qi.

关 键 词：孙一奎 医易学 朱熹 太极 命门 三焦 

分 类 号：B248.99[哲学宗教—中国哲学] R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论]