论清代科举考赋的类型、命题及衡文标准  

The Genres,Themes,and Hengwen Standards of the Imperial Examination in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王飞阳 WANG Feiyang(Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学,贵阳550001

出　　处：《中国考试》2025年第5期94-101,共8页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金重大项目:历代赋论整理研究(19ZDA249)。

摘　　要：清代科举考赋以庶吉士月课、散馆考试、翰林大考为主,童试、院试虽有考赋,但赋不是必考项目,不作亦可。学政试生员也可选作古赋,但律赋是科举考赋的常态。考赋的题材极为丰富,主要集中在解析义理题、政治时事题、写景咏物题。至于赋题的来源,多出自经史子集,尤其好以前人诗赋(包括乾隆帝御诗)为题。庶常散馆及翰林大考,通常由皇帝临时命题,随意性较大。清人先崇唐赋后尚时趋,衡文标准也随之发生变化。由昔视今,科举考赋具有重要的借鉴意义。In the Qing dynasty imperial examination system,Fu composition assessments were primarily conducted through the monthly classes for commoners,examinations held in scattered halls,and the imperial examinations.Although Fu components appeared in the juvenile and imperial examinations,it remained optional.Academic and political examination candidates could choose to write ancient Fu,but regulated Fu was the predominant form in the imperial examination.The themes of Fu-based examinations were highly diverse,primarily focusing on the interpretation of philosophical and ethical issues,political and contemporary affairs,and the depiction of natural scenery and objects.The sources of Fu topics were predominantly derived from classical texts,historical records,philosophical works,and literary compositions,particularly the poems and Fu of earlier scholars,including Emperor Qianlong's imperial poetry.The topics for students'examinations and regular assessments at the Hanlin Academy were usually determined at the emperor's discretion.Over time,the evaluation criteria for Fu evolved,with an early preference for Tang-style Fu gradually shifting toward contemporary works,and the standards of Hengwen also changed accordingly.Reflecting on the historical development,the role of Fu in the imperial examination system provides valuable insight into its cultural and intellectual significance.

关 键 词：清代 科举 考赋 作文 律赋 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]