新护士职业社会化影响因素的纵向质性研究  

A longitudinal qualitative study on the influencing factors of professional socialization in new nurses

作　　者：卢蕾 史素玲[2] 尤炎丽[2] 焦丹丹[2] 马炳婕 Lu Lei;Shi Suling;You Yanli;Jiao Dandan;Ma Bingjie(School of Nursing,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学护理学院,河南洛阳471000 [2]河南科技大学第一附属医院护理部

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2025年第7期50-54,共5页Journal of Nursing Science

摘　　要：目的以新护士转型过渡模型为理论框架,深入了解新护士入职1年内职业社会化经历及其影响因素,为促进护士职业发展提供参考。方法采用前瞻性纵向设计,以目的性抽样选择20名新护士,分别在刚入职时、入职6个月及入职12个月进行3次半结构式访谈。每次访谈结束后,使用Smith解释现象学分析方法对访谈资料进行逐一分析,所有时间点的数据分析完成后,进行跨时间点的纵向分析。结果共提炼出2个主题及11个亚主题,包括个人因素(角色意义感知转变、自身心境变化、职业发展动机改变、专业技能欠缺、理论与实践结合困境、人际关系处理能力缺乏、多种压力持续并存);情景因素(患者反馈的双重影响、外部的多元支持、组织环境的助推、不合理工作安排的阻碍)。结论新护士职业社会化影响因素复杂且呈动态变化,管理者应关注分析其影响因素并采取应对措施,从而加快新护士职业社会化进程。Objective To explore the professional socialization experiences and influencing factors of new nurses within their first year of employment,using the New Nurse Transition Model as a theoretical framework,to provide references for promoting nursing career development.Methods A longitudinal qualitative research approach was employed,using purposive sampling to conduct semi-structured interviews with 20 new nurses from five hospitals.The interviews were conducted at three time points:upon employment,and at 6 and 12 months post-employment.Smithi phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the interview data and extract themes.Results The analysis of interview date identified two overarching themes and eleven subthemes:individual factors comprising perceptual transformation regarding role significance,alterations in personal emotional states,modified motivations for career advancement,deficiencies in professional competencies,challenges in integrating theoretical knowledge with practical implementation,insufficient interpersonal relationship management skills,and persistent coexistence of multiple stressors;and contextual factors encompassing dual impact of patient feedback,multidimensional external support systems,catalytic effects of organizational environment,and impediments from irrational work arrangements.Conclusion The influencing factors of professional socialization in new nurses are complex and dynamic.Managers should focus on these influencing factors and take appropriate mea-sures to expedite the professional socialization process of new nurses.

关 键 词：新护士 职业发展 职业社会化 转型过渡 组织环境 职业认同 质性研究 护理管理 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学] C931[医药卫生—临床医学]