叶面施钾对酿酒葡萄及葡萄酒中酚类物质积累的影响  

Effect of foliar potassium application on the accumulation of phenolic substances in wine grapes and wine

作　　者：韩青晓 乔浩蓉 谷威杰 廖祖宋 张继丰 樊玉婷 陈可钦 房玉林[1] 孙翔宇 张克坤 HAN Qingxiao;QIAO Haorong;GU Weijie;LIAO Zusong;ZHANG Jifeng;FAN Yuting;CHEN Keqing;FANG Yulin;SUN Xiangyu;ZHANG Kekun(College of Enology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Ningxia Xige Estate Limited Company,Wuzhong,Ningxia 751100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学葡萄酒学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]宁夏西鸽酒庄有限公司,宁夏吴忠751100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第5期117-131,共15页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BBF02014);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024NC-YBXM-024);国家葡萄产业技术体系项目(CARS-29-zp-6)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究叶面施钾对酿酒葡萄及葡萄酒中酚类物质的影响,优化钾肥施用方式,为提高钾肥利用率提供数据支撑。【方法】以酿酒葡萄品种‘赤霞珠’(Vitis vinifera L.cv Cabernet Sauvignon)为材料,选择土壤钾含量不同的葡萄园(高钾葡萄园(速效钾含量为122.67 mg/kg))和低钾葡萄园(速效钾含量为67.40 mg/kg),以叶面未施肥处理为对照(CK),于果实膨大期(花后36 d)开始叶面喷施4.5,9,18 g/株硫酸钾(依次记为FK1、FK2和FK3),之后每隔两周进行下一阶段的施肥,共处理3个阶段。采集成熟期葡萄果实及叶柄,测定各部位钾素含量;测定成熟期葡萄果实及小容器酿造葡萄酒的可滴定酸含量、pH等基础理化指标和总酚、总花色苷、总类黄酮、总黄烷-3醇,单体酚及单体花色苷等的含量,并对葡萄果实钾素含量与其果实及葡萄酒中各酚类物质含量进行相关性分析,全面解析叶面施钾对葡萄果实及葡萄酒酚类物质含量的影响。【结果】在低钾葡萄园中,与对照处理相比,所有叶面施钾处理均有效提高了葡萄叶柄以及果实种子中的钾素含量;显著提高了葡萄果实中还原糖、可溶性固形物含量,以及果皮中总酚、单体花色苷、单体酚含量;降低了葡萄果实中的可滴定酸含量。在高钾葡萄园中,与对照处理相比,所有叶面施钾处理均提升了葡萄果实各部位钾素含量,pH值,总花色苷、总类黄酮以及单体花色苷含量;降低了果实中的单体酚含量;仅H-FK2处理提升了葡萄叶柄中的钾素含量;不同处理对葡萄果实糖酸影响不同,仅H-FK3处理提升还原糖含量,降低可滴定酸含量;H-FK1和H-FK2处理显著提高了采收期葡萄果皮中各总酚类物质含量。叶柄钾素含量与果实果皮中钾素含量呈负相关,而与种子中钾素含量呈正相关,不同地块表现相同。钾肥处理有效提升了葡萄酒的酒精度,低钾地块中L-FK1处理对葡萄酒中总酚类物�【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of foliar potassium application on the accumulation of phenolic substances in wine grapes and wine,optimize the methods of pota-ssium fertilizer application,and to provide empirical data and theoretical support for improving potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency.【Method】The study utilized the wine grape variety‘Vitis vinifera L.cv.Cabernet Sauvignon’as the experimental material.Two types of vineyards were selected based on their soil potassium content:high potassium vineyards with an available potassium content of 122.67 mg/kg,and low potassium vineyards with an available potassium content of 67.40 mg/kg.A control group(CK)was also established,which consisted of vineyards with no foliar fertilization treatment.Starting from the fruit enlargement stage(36 days after flowering),foliar spraying of 4.5,9,and 18 g/plant of potassium sulfate(referred to as FK1,FK2,and FK3)was applied,followed by the next stage of fertilization every two weeks,with three stages of processing.The study collected mature fruits and petioles to determine potassium content in various parts,and determine basic physicochemical indicators such as titratable acid and pH for mature grapes and wine produced in small containers.The content of total phenols,total anthocyanins,total flavonoids,total flavanols,monomeric phenols,and monomeric anthocyanins was measured.Subsequently,correlation analysis was conducted between potassium content in fruits and the content of various phenolic substances in fruits and wine to comprehensively analyze the impact of foliar potassium application on the phenolic content of grapes and wine.【Result】In low potassium vineyards,all treatment groups effectively increased the potassium content in grape petioles and fruit seeds,significantly increased the content of reducing sugars and soluble solids in grapes,and reduced the content of titratable acids.At the same time,all treatment groups significantly increased the total phenolic c

关 键 词：葡萄栽培 叶面施肥 酚类物质 钾肥 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]