海藻多糖结构、生物活性和提取技术研究进展  

Progress of Research on the Structure,Bioactivity and Extraction Technology of Seaweed Polysaccharides

作　　者：李银姝 林茜 龚乃霞 罗舒丹 卢旭[1,2,3,4] LI Yin-shu;LIN Qian;GONG Nai-xia;LUO Shu-dan;LU Xu(College of Food Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan,Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition,Ministry of Education,Fuzhou 350002,China;China-Ireland International Cooperation Centre for Food Material Science and Structure Design,Fuzhou 350002,China;Key Laboratory of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits,Vegetables and Edible Fungi Processing(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州350002 [2]闽台特色海洋食品加工及营养健康教育部工程研究中心,福建福州350002 [3]中国-爱尔兰国际合作食品物质学与结构设计研究中心,福建福州350002 [4]农业农村部亚热带特色果蔬菌加工重点实验室(部省共建),福建福州350002

出　　处：《化学试剂》2025年第5期56-65,共10页Chemical Reagents

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172151);福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2019095G、CXZX2020120A);福建省林业科技推广项目(2024TG18);福建省星火项目(2024S0056)。

摘　　要：随着全球人口持续增长,海洋资源的开发利用为人类的生存发展提供强有力支撑。海藻多糖是由多种单糖通过糖苷键连接而成的高分子化合物,化学结构多样,且不同来源的海藻多糖结构存在差异。这种结构多样性为海藻多糖在生物活性方面的广泛应用提供了基础,利用藻类活性成分研制新型功能性食品和海洋药物,在食品加工、食品健康、生物医药等领域展现出广阔的发展前景。海藻多糖作为一种重要的生物活性物质,其独特的结构特性和多样的生物活性引起了广泛关注。随着海洋多糖提取技术的进一步发展,海藻多糖的提取效率和纯度得到了显著提高,海藻多糖已被证实具有抗炎、抗凝血、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗细胞凋亡、抗增殖和免疫刺激等多种生物活性和药用功能,在研制新型功能性食品和海洋药物有了新的突破。以海藻多糖为研究对象,系统性综合论述了海藻多糖结构特性、生物活性、先进的提取技术的国内外有关最新研究报道,为推动海洋藻类生物活性产物的高值化、生态化开发利用提供理论参考。As the world′s population grows,the exploitation and use of marine resources becomes increasingly important to human survival and growth.Algal polysaccharides are macromolecular complexes made up of a range of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic linkages,with varying chemical structures and structural variances between polysaccharides from different sources.This structural diversity lays the groundwork for the widespread use of seaweed polysaccharides in biological activity,and the development of new functional foods and marine medicines using algal active ingredients presents a promising future in the fields of food processing,food health,and biomedicine.Marine polysaccharides,an essential bioactive material,have received widespread interest due to their distinct structural features and various biological functions.With the further development of marine polysaccharide extraction technology,the extraction efficiency and purity of seaweed polysaccharides have been significantly improved,and seaweed polysaccharides have been proven to have a variety of biological activities and medicinal functions such as anti-inflammatory,anti-coagulant,antioxidant,antiviral,anti-tumor,anti-apoptosis,anti-proliferative,and immune stimulation,which has led to new breakthroughs in the development.This paper uses seaweed polysaccharide as the research object and systematically and comprehensively discusses the most recent research reports on the structural properties,biological activities,and advanced extraction technologies of seaweed polysaccharide at home and abroad,in order to provide theoretical references for the promotion of the development and utilization of high-value and ecologically sustainable bioactive products of marine algae.

关 键 词：海藻多糖 生物活性 结构特性 改性 提取方法 

分 类 号：O6-332[理学—化学] TS254.58[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]