应对复杂工程世界挑战的工程教育系统变革——以奥尔堡大学项目式学习模式演进为例  

The Systemic Transformation of Engineering Education in Response to the Challenges of the Complex Engineering World:A Case Study of the Evolution of Project-based Learning at Aalborg University

作　　者：徐沛鋆 张炜[2] XU Peiyun;ZHANG Wei(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058;Research Center for Science,Technology and Education Policy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江大学科教发展战略研究中心,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2025年第4期43-52,共10页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：2024年度国家自然科学基金面上项目“多元情境嵌入的真实性工程学习过程机理及其干预策略”(项目编号:72474195)。

摘　　要：现代工程问题日益呈现出冲突性目标、非工程性约束、超大规模协作的复杂系统特征。为有效应对现实工程世界的跨学科性和可持续发展挑战,丹麦奥尔堡大学打破单一线性的传统教学模式桎梏,主动采纳“以问题为导向的项目式学习”,迭代衍生出“教学任务情境”“产业实践情境”“社会服务情境”等多元情境嵌入的复杂工程教育系统,旨在从理念取向、情境设置、项目结构等方面将真实工程挑战有机融入工程学习过程。该项目式学习模式在动态演进过程中呈现出由反映已知世界到面向未来世界的理念取向、由学术研究驱动到社会服务驱动的情境设置、由简单封闭系统到复杂开放系统的结构设计三大变革趋势,以期培养能够驾驭复杂工程挑战的新一代卓越工程师。The world is facing unprecedented engineering challenges,which should be viewed within a complex context with conflicting objectives,non-technical constraints,and large-scale collaboration.In light of the challenges of interdisciplinarity and sustainable development in the real engineering world,Aalborg University has implemented Problem-oriented and Project-Based Learning(PoPBL)in an effort to break away from traditional linear curriculum models.As the key teaching design at Aalborg University,PoPBL has evolved into a multicontextual practice model that incorporates teaching task context,industrial practice context,and social service context in response to the contemporary complex engineering challenges.This evolution promotes the systematic integration of complex engineering practices into the learning process by adjusting the conceptual orientation,context settings,and project structures.Throughout the development of project-based learning at Aalborg University,three major trends of transformation have emerged:a shift in conceptual orientation from addressing the known world to tackling the unknown future,a shift in context settings from being driven by academic research to being driven by social service,and a shift in project structure from simple,closed systems to complex open systems.Additionally,the model innovates by introducing unstructured project designs and the creation of open-ended collaboration networks,with the goal of cultivating outstanding engineering talent capable of solving complex realworld problems.

关 键 词：复杂工程挑战 工程教育 奥尔堡大学 项目式学习 

分 类 号：G649.534[文化科学—高等教育学]