冬季耕作制度对农田氧化亚氮排放的贡献  

Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils as affected by winter cropping system

作　　者：熊正琴[1] 邢光熹[1] 鹤田治雄 施书莲[1] 沈光裕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所物质循环开放研究实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]日本国立农业环境研究所

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2002年第4期49-52,共4页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目资助 (3 9790 10 0 )

摘　　要：研究了红壤丘陵地区大田条件下旱地种植冬季豆科作物、油料作物、休闲 ,以及水稻田冬季休闲、种植紫云英绿肥后 ,土壤氧化亚氮 (N2 O)的排放。结果表明 ,水稻田冬季种植紫云英 ,N2 O平均排放通量 (以N计 ,以下同 )为11 1μg·m-2 ·h-1,比休闲田 (18 3μg·m-2 ·h-1)降低 39% ;旱地种植豌豆 ,N2 O平均排放通量只有 6 9μg·m-2 ·h-1,显著低于休闲田 (9 6 μg·m-2 ·h-1) ,也显著低于油菜田 (12 2 μg·m-2 ·h-1)。各作物施肥后土壤N2 O的排放量均增加 ,豌豆田N2 O平均排放通量为 10 0 μg·m-2 ·h-1,仍显著低于油菜田 (14 7μg·m-2 ·h-1)。因此 ,冬季种植豆科作物可显著降低稻田以及旱地农田N2Field studies were conducted in red soil hilly region to investigate the effects of winter legume crops,rapeseed crops and fallow in upland agricultural soils,and milk vetch and fallow in paddy field on nitrous oxide(N 2O)emissions.Results from the paddy fields demonstrated that the milk vetch plot emitted 39% lower N 2O than the fallow plot,with the average N 2O flux of 11 1 and 18 3 μg·m -2 ·h -1 respectively.Results from the upland agricultural soils demonstrated that pea treatment emitted much lower N 2O than the fallow plot,with the average N 2O flux of 6 9 and 9 6 μg·m -2 ·h -1 respectively and that the rapeseed treatment being 12 2 μg·m -2 ·h -1 .Results also demonstrated that N fertilized plot emitted much higher flux than the respective unfertilized plot and the fertilized pea plot still emitted obvious lower flux than the fertilized rapeseed plot,the average N 2O flux being 10 0 and 14 7 μg·m -2 ·h -1 respectively.Winter legume crop cultivation could,therefore,reduce N 2O emission from both upland and paddy soils.

关 键 词：冬季 耕作制度 农田 氧化亚氮排放 N2O排放 豆科作物 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X144