PID控制的应用与理论依据  

Basis of Theory and Applications on PID Control

作　　者：吴宏鑫[1] 沈少萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京控制工程研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《控制工程》2003年第1期37-42,共6页Control Engineering of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (699840 0 7)

摘　　要：PID控制是自动控制中产生最早、应用最广的一种控制方法。从PID控制的结构形式、实际控制工程需求和实现条件分析了PID控制的独特优点 ,同时又介绍了二阶线性定常系统PID控制器的设计方法 ,叙述了高阶线性定常系统的特征建模原理 ,重点分析和推导了基于特征模型的带消除静差的二次型最优控制设计方法 ,证明了高阶线性定常系统和一大批非线性系统能用PID控制器实现位置恒值控制的基本原理 ,为随输出状态不同而选择不同P、I、D参数等各种人工调节方法提供了合理性解释 。PID control, as a kind of control method in automatic control, is produced the earliest and is used for the widest range of application Based on PID control's structure, the need of practical control engineering and the realizable conditions, this paper analyzes PID control's special advantages The design method of the PID controller of the two order linear time invariant system is introduced The characteristic modeling principle of the high order linear time invariant system is described This paper analyzes and deduces emphatically the design method of quadratic optimal control with removed static error based on the characteristic model, proving the basic theory that position fixed set point control can be realized by using PID control for the high order linear time invariant system and a large amount of nonlinear systems , and at the same time offering the reasonable explanation for all kinds of artificial adjust methods which choose different PID parameters with respect to output stations Finally, structure of PID controller is a most basic unit in intelligent control is pointed out.

关 键 词：PID控制 PID控制器 特征模型 二次型最优控制 高阶线性定常系统 自动控制 

分 类 号：TP273.2[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]