严峻的现实:发展中国家教育面临的共同问题  

A Study on the Urgent Problems to the Educational Development in the Third World

作　　者：袁本涛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究所,北京100084 [2]名古屋大学,日本名古屋

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2003年第1期61-68,共8页Tsinghua Journal of Education

摘　　要：本文从发展中国家教育发展的现状出发,从宏观上具体总结了当今发展中国家教育发展中面临的主要共同问题:教育财政的短缺与投资结构的失调;教育设施、设备不足,教材、图书资料和合格师资短缺;教育内部效益低下,如辍学、失学、留级等现象普遍存在;二元结构明显,区域、城乡、性别间的教育机会不均等日益严重;人才流失的趋势也难以遏制。当然不同的区域,由于历史文化、地理环境、政治与经济发展的差异性也呈现出不同的发展特征。Different countries are characterized with varying stages of socioeconomic development, some are developed, some are newly industrializing, and some are still under-developed.this study shows that almost all the developing countries face the same problems to vary degree in the field of education, such as financial constraints; lack of equipments, facilities, textbooks and eligible teachers, high dropout and high repetition rates in primary and secondary schools;wide knowledge gaps within their societies regional , rural-urban imbalances and gender inequity) ;and brain drain. With the new revolution occurs in technology, the national development depends much more than previously on well-trained, flexible labor; innovative, problem-solving management; and cadres of highly-trained scientists, engineers, and social scientists. This means that educational system in each country has become fundamental to its national development. This is a challenge that confronts all developing countries and makes educational reform urgent to them.

关 键 词：发展中国家 二元结构 教育机会 人才流失 公共教育投资 教育条件 

分 类 号：G51[文化科学—教育学]