辐射致癌分子机制研究的现状与展望  

Progress and prospect on molecular mechanism of irradiation induced tumorigenesis

作　　者：蔡建明[1] 程天民[2] 

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学海军医学系,上海200433 [2]第三军医大学复合伤研究所,重庆400038

出　　处：《第二军医大学学报》2003年第7期697-701,共5页Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 ( 3 0 170 2 82 )

摘　　要：辐射所致肿瘤的发生是一个非常复杂的过程 ,与其他因素诱发肿瘤过程相比既有共性 ,也有其特殊性 ,其共性表现在肿瘤的形成均经历启动、促进、进展等几个阶段 ;其特殊性在于诱发肿瘤的分子机制可能有区别 ,但具体机制目前尚不十分清楚。一般认为 ,辐射造成细胞核 DNA分子的严重损伤 ,使某些受照体细胞中特定的基因或染色体发生突变 ,其中涉及到原癌基因的激活和抑癌基因的失活或突变 ,双链断裂容易引起细胞内 DNA错配损伤修复反应 ,细胞增殖失控以及信号转导通路的改变等因素的综合作用。值得关注的是 ,一些研究表明辐射诱导的基因不稳定性、细胞质受到照射所致的突变以及辐照引起的细胞群旁效应等在肿瘤的发生中同样有着重要的作用。Irradiation induced tumorigenesis is a complicated process involving several phases such as initiating, promoting and progressing, just like the tumorigenesis induced by other factors. While irradiation induced tumorigenesis has its particularity on molecular mechanism, though the precise process remain unclear. Generally, irradiation can cause serious damage on DNA, which may bring irreversible consequences. For example, the double strand breaks (DSB) can induce the mismatch repair reaction, resulting in mutation of some specific genes or chromosomes in irradiated cells. The mutagenesis then make for the activation of oncogene, inactivation of tumor suppressor gene, uncontrolled cell proliferation and alterations of signal transduction pathway, all these work together to promote tumorigenesis. In addition, the gene instability, cytoplast mutation and cell group by stand effects induced by irradiation also play crucial roles in the process of tumorigenesis. [

关 键 词：辐射 致癌分子机制 研究现状 肿瘤基因 基因突变 细胞增殖 信号转导 细胞群旁效应 

分 类 号：R730.231.2[医药卫生—肿瘤]