略论命相论与西汉政治  

On Physiognomy and the Politics of Western Han Dynasty

作　　者：韩玉德[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学师范学院历史系

出　　处：《学术月刊》2003年第7期84-91,共8页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：西汉王朝需要确立封建专制主义政治权威、意识形态权威与等级秩序。司马迁生当武帝尊崇今文经及纬书谶语符命盛行时期 ,出于对现实政治的考虑 ,不得不用纬书作者的手法 ,把西汉王朝的缔造者刘邦圣化为“庶圣” ,神化为“赤帝子” ;班固则将元后王政君圣化为“圣女” ,神化为“太阴之精”。纬书作者们则将孔丘神圣化为“黑帝子”、“玄圣”、“素王”与刘汉王朝的“制法主”。王充提出察表知命说、禀气说 ,详细论证了西汉大一统封建等级秩序的天然合理性与神圣性。The Western Han Dynasty needed to establish its political authority, ideological authority and hierarchy of the feudal monarchism. Sima Qian lived in the time when Emperor Wu worshiped jinwenjing, the official script, and augury books, superstitious prophecy combined with magic drawings for fate were in vogue. Out of the concerns for social reality, Sima Qian had to sacralize Liu Bang, the founder of the Western Han Dynasty, as 'the same as sage' and deify him as 'son of the Red Emperor' with a style that the authors of augury books had used while Ban Gu sacralized Wang Zhengjun, the queen, as 'the saintess' and deified her as 'the spirit of the moon'. Those who had written augury books deified and sacralized Confucius as 'son of the Black Emperor', 'the black sage', 'the civil king' and 'the authoritative code maker' of the Han Dynasty. Wang Chong proposed the doctrine of telling one's fortune by reading his appearances and that of different natural essence of human beings, and he proved in detail the inherent reasonableness and sacredness of the feudal hierarchy in great unification of the Western Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：命相论 西汉 政治 刘邦 班固 纬书 王充 知命说 禀气说 纬谶学 

分 类 号：K234.1[历史地理—历史学] B992.3[历史地理—中国史]