上海餐饮服务业排污收费的影响因子及其调控  

Study on Influential Factors and Regulating on Discharge Levy of Catering and Service Industries in Shanghai

作　　者：唐敏[1] 杨凯[1] 黄长缨[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学环境科学系,上海200062

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2003年第3期88-94,共7页Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：教育部社科"十五"规划课题(01JA790058);国家自然科学基金(70073008);上海市社科规划课题(2002BZH003)

摘　　要：　选取上海中心城区餐饮服务业发达的静安区为实证研究样区,分析2000年不同季节580户餐饮服务业的1000多个排污收费数据,结果表明:①废水CODCr和石油类累积等标污染负荷比超过95%,是突出污染因子;主要污染源是排水量1000吨/月以上的企业,污染负荷比60%以上。污染物浓度与排水量显著负相关。②废水排污收费总额与污染负荷高度线形相关;收费单价与单位水量污染负荷正相关,与三次曲线拟合模型最吻合。③废水总平均排污收费单价0.26元/吨,明显低于上海市区11个污水处理厂平均运营成本0.53元/吨。在数据分析基础上,从实施"排污即收费,超标就罚款"、推进总量与浓度控制相结合等角度进一步探讨了加强上海餐饮服务业排污收费调控管理的途径,为餐饮服务业排污收费的定价标准和监管模式提供客观依据。Taking Jing'an district of downtown in Shanghai as an example, the paper selected 580 catering and service industries in four seasons of 2000 and analyzed discharge levy according to over 1000 monitoring data. The case study shows: ①The accumulative pollution load proportion of CODCr and Oil exceeds 95%, so they are the typical pollution factors in wastewater. These trades that discharge wastewater above 1000 tons per mouth are main pollutant headstreams for their total pollution load proportion is beyond 60%. The relationship between pollutant concentrations and scales of enterprises is negative and the concentrations are much thicker in amount of small scales trades. ② The relationship between the discharge levy amount and the total pollution load retains a highly positive correlation. The unit price ascends with increasing pollution load containing in per ton wastewater and they significantly accords with cubic estimation model. ③ The average unit price in Jing'an district at the level of 0.26yuan is lower than the average pollution abatement cost of 0.56yuan in wastewater plants in Shanghai. Based on above data analysis, the paper discussed regulating approaches on discharge levy of catering and service industries, such as implementation of all-out levy, combination of total quantity and concentration controlling, et al. It intends to supply external foundations for discharge levy standard and monitoring model in catering and service industries.

关 键 词：餐饮服务业 废水 污染负荷 排污收费 环境管理 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]