早籼稻米垩白形成与稻株源-库特性关系的研究  

RELATION BETWEEN KERNEL CHALKINESS FORMATION AND SOURCE-SINK CHARACTERISTICS IN EARLY INDICA RICE

作　　者：蔺万煌[1] 萧浪涛[1] 黄见良[1] 洪亚辉[1] 李合松[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学植物激素重点实验室,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《核农学报》2003年第6期462-465,457,共5页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技部早稻品质改良工程资助项目 (OONKY10 0 2 )

摘　　要：以垩白度差异较大的 3个早籼稻品种为材料 ,先后分 3期播种 ,应用14 C示踪技术研究了籽粒灌浆期剑叶净同化速率、籽粒库活力及相应的源 /库比与稻米垩白形成的关系。结果表明 ,稻株源 -库特性与稻米垩白度之间表现出显著的相关性。低垩白品种剑叶净同化速率、籽粒库活力和源 /库比均显著高于高垩白品种。稻株库的容量大、库的活力低而源叶同化物又供应不足 ,势必形成垩白。因此 ,保证源的供给充足、适当的库容 (库的大小 ) ,较大的源 库比和强大的库活力对减少稻米垩白极为重要。研究还发现 ,垩白度高的水稻品种 ,其剑叶中同化物的输出百分率相应较低 ,推测其源叶中同化物的输出或韧皮部装载存在障碍。Three early indica rice varieties(Oryza sativa L. sp. indica) with markedly difference of kernel chalkiness at three sowing dates were used to study the net assimilation ratio of flag leaf, source-sink ratio and sink activity by using 14C isotope tracer technique. The results show significant correlations between source-sink characteristics of rice plant and rice kernel chalkiness. The net assimilation ratio of flag leaf, source-sink ratio and sink activity (radioactivity ratio of grain) of less chalkiness varieties were found to be obviously higher than that of more chalkiness varieties. Therefore, higher photosynthetic efficiency, proper source-sink ratio and stronger sink activity are the key factors of good quality grain with less or no chalkiness. By analyzing the partitioning percentage of 14C-assimilates in rice plants of more chalkiness varieties, it was supposed that assimilates exporting from mesophyll cells or loading into phloem were partly blocked.

关 键 词：早籼稻 稻米 垩白形成 稻株 源库关系 相关性 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]