抗日战争时期课程想象与民族国家认同建构——以蒋介石手令为中心的考察  

Curriculum Knowledge Imagination and National Identity Construction during the Anti-Japanese War:With Chiang Kai-shek's Personal Orders as the Focus

作　　者：刘正伟[1] 黄君艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第6期138-152,共15页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金规划课题资助项目(Y101742);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET-0450);浙江省哲学社会科学重点课题资助项目(07CGJY004Z)

摘　　要：抗日战争全面爆发以后,社会各界开始反思与检讨新教育问题,探讨教育改革的可能路径。知识界提出了增加中国文化知识、培养民族意识、加强科学教育、实施公民教育、建立现代民族国家的建议;蒋介石先后下达11次手令指示教育部,恢复旧道德,以中国传统伦理文化资源建设国民道德,以政治教育为中心,建设以农村为本位的中国社会;教育部在知识界要求改革的呼声及蒋介石的指示下,以抗战建国为方针,积极探索民族特殊历史时期的课程改革,建构现代民族国家认同。社会不同阶层及力量对课程的想象反映了抗战时期民族国家建构的不同路径与图景。After the Anti-Japanese War broke out,people from all sectors began to reflect on and review the problems in the implementation of the New Education,and explore possible paths of education reform.The intelligentsia put forward the proposals of increasing the knowledge of Chinese culture, cultivating national consciousness, strengthening science education,implementing civic education,and building a modern nation.Chiang Kai-shek gave eleven personal orders successively instructing the Ministry of Education to restore the old morals,build national morality with Chinese ethic and cultural traditions,and construct China's society with political education at the center and the countryside as the basic unit.Promoted by the appeals of reform from the intelligentsia and the instructions of Chiang Kai-shek,the Ministry of Educationtook the policy of″military resistance and national reconstruction,″strenuously mined Chinese cultural and educational resources,transformed the curricula of primary and secondary schools,shaped the national morality with Confucian ethics and culture,strengthened national culture identity education,and added wartime and aid education.The intelligentsia and the Ministry of Education regarded the curriculum reform as the crucial approach to carrying out national consciousness education and establishing the modern nation-state.There were resemblances in their curriculum imaginations and different paths in the construction of the modern nation-state:Firstly,the overall orientation of curriculum construction during the Anti-Japanese War was to develop national consciousness through the cultivation of″inherent culture.″But the selections for and organizations of inherent culture were different.The intelligentsia advocated critical spirit and a rational attitude toward our traditional culture in order to reconstruct the national spirit.Chiang Kai-shek gave instructions that traditional ethics,and historical and geographical knowledge should be enhanced.The Ministry of Education laid stress on th

关 键 词：抗日战争 课程改革 传统道德 国家认同 蒋介石 手令 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学] K265[文化科学—教育技术学]