城市绿地空间格局及其环境效应——以宜昌市中心城区为例  

The different urban green-land spatial patterns and their environmental effects:A case of the central district of Yichang city,Hubei Province

作　　者：周志翔[1] 邵天一[1] 唐万鹏[2] 王鹏程[1] 刘学全[2] 徐永荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北省林业科学研究院,武汉430079

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第2期186-192,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点科技攻关资助项目 (98-11-10 )~~

摘　　要：城市绿地在改善城市环境及维护城市生态系统平衡中起着极为重要的作用 ,而当绿地覆盖率小于 4 0 %时 ,绿地整体生态效益的发挥主要取决于绿地的内部结构和空间布局 ,但迄今为止缺乏绿地景观分布格局与环境效应关系的研究报道。本研究应用景观生态学原理 ,分析了湖北省宜昌市中心城区斑优格局、斑匀格局、廊道格局和对照格局等四种景观结构及其绿地分布格局 ,选取了气温、相对湿度、环境噪声和大气 SO2 、NOx、TSP含量等环境监测指标 ,观测了不同绿地景观格局下的环境效应 ,并对比分析了绿地分布格局指标与综合环境效应间的关系 ,以便提出城市绿地系统布局合理性指标 ,为城市绿地系统的景观结构优化提供依据。研究结果表明 ,斑优格局、斑匀格局、廊道格局和对照格局等四种不同景观在斑块总面积、建筑斑块面积和无绿化道路面积等景观总体格局上较均衡 ,但由于其绿化覆盖率及绿地景观分布格局差异较大 ,致使其环境效益也表现出明显的差异。其中 ,对照格局景观的绿地斑块总面积最小 ,绿地破碎化指数最高 ,绿化覆盖率仅为 1.0 0 % ,以建筑铺装斑块和无绿化道路廊道为主要景观构成。因此 ,对照格局景观的环境气温较高、空气相对湿度低、环境噪声较大、大气 TSP含量高 ,景观环境恶劣。The urban green-land system plays an important role in improving the quality of urban environment and maintaining the balance of urban ecological system. However, the whole ecological benefit of green-land system is mainly determined by green-lands' internal structures and spatial patterns when the percentage of green-land coverage is less than 40%. So far there hasn't been any research on the relationship of urban green-land spatial pattern and its environmental effect. In this paper, the four types of landscape structures and their green-land landscape patterns, including the landscapes of dominant green-land patch pattern, even green-land patch pattern, dominant wooded corridor pattern and building or concrete covering pattern (control) on the central district of Yichang city in Hubei province, were analyzed on the basis of landscape ecological principle. The environmental effects of all landscapes were monitored at the same time, by means of the selected environmental parameters of air temperature, relative air humidity, atmospheric noise and the content of SO_2, NO_x and total suspension particle (TSP) respectively. The relationship of the green-land landscape patterns and their environmental effects were analyzed by comparative method, in order to put forward the rationalization parameters for optimizing the landscape structure of urban green-land system.The results showed that, though there was an unanimous general structure, such as roughly the same of total patch area, building or concrete covering patch area and woodless corridor area between the four landscapes, the environmental benefits were significantly different due to the unequal green-land coverage and the varied green-land landscape patterns. In which, the landscape of building or concrete covering pattern (control) was mostly composed of woodless corridors and building or concrete covering patches, which the green-land had the least total patch area and the tiptop fragmentation index, while the percentage of green-land coverage is only 1.00%.

关 键 词：城市绿地系统 景观结构 分布格局 环境监测 环境效应 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]