刑警、医师、教师职业紧张及工作能力对比分析  

Compare the Occupational Stress and Work Ability among the Police-officers, Doctors and Teachers

作　　者：杨新伟[1] 王治明[1] 兰亚佳[1] 王绵珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院劳动卫生学教研室,成都610041

出　　处：《四川大学学报（医学版）》2004年第2期251-254,共4页Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (批准号 3 9970 62 3 )资助

摘　　要：目的　比较医师、刑警、教师职业紧张、紧张反应、应对资源及工作能力的相关关系。方法　应用职业紧张 (OSI- R)和工作能力指数 (WAI)两份量表 ,对某市刑警 191例、中小学教师 343例、医师 2 88例 ,共 82 2例 ,进行对比研究。结果　 1刑警、医师、教师组间职业任务、紧张反应、应对资源总均分有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。刑警的职业任务 ,紧张反应高于医师和教师 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而应对资源低于医师和教师 (P<0 .0 5 )。 2职业任务子项中 ,刑警在任务模糊、任务冲突、责任感 3个子项得分最高。医师突出的问题是任务不适。教师职业紧张主要表现在任务过重和工作环境不良 (P<0 .0 5 )。 3紧张反应显示 ,除人际关系紧张反应外 ,在业务、心理、躯体紧张反应 3个子项中刑警显著高于医师和教师 (P<0 .0 5 )。4应对资源子项 :刑警在休闲、自我保健、社会支持和理性处事四项得分均显著低于医师和教师 (P<0 .0 5 )。医师的社会支持得分最高。而教师的理性处事得分最高 (P<0 .0 5 )。 5职业任务与紧张反应呈正相关 ,二者均与应对资源呈负相关 (P<0 .0 1)。教师组工作能力与职业任务、紧张反应均呈负相关 ,而与应对资源呈正相关 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　缓解刑警的职业紧张 ,解决医师的任务不适 。Objective To compare the occupational stress and work ability in doctors, police-officers and teachers. Methods Changes in occupational stress, work ability were measured with revised occupational stress inventory (OSI-R) and work ability index (WAI) for 288 doctors, 191 police-officers and 343 teachers, and then comparative and correlation analyses were made. Results ① The difference in occupational stress and strain between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.01), and the score of the police-officers was higher than that of the doctors and teachers (P<0.05), but the personal resources of police-officers were lower than those of the doctors and teachers (P<0.05). ②Analysis of the 6 items of occupational role questionnaire revealed that the scores of role ambiguity, role boundary and responsibility were obviously higher in police-officers than in doctors and teachers, while the scores of role overload and physical environment were higher in teachers (P<0.05). ③Analysis of all items of personal strain revealed that the scores of vocational strain, psychological strain, physical strain, but not of interpersonal starin, were significantly higher in police-officers than in doctors and teachers (P<0.05). ④As to the personal resource, the results indicated that recreation and self-care of doctors and teachers were superior to those of police-officers. The score of social support was highest in doctors. The score of rational conduct was highest in teachers (P<0.05). ⑤ Occupational role and personal strain were positively correlated, and both were correlated negatively to the personal resources (P<0.01). The correlations of work ability, occupational stress and strain, and personal resources were significant in teachers (P<0.01). Conclusion For polices-officers, doctors and teachers, different yet relevant measures should be taken to reduce the occupational stress so as to improve their work ability.

关 键 词：职业紧张 工作能力 刑警 医师 教师 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]