分心刺激对注意缺陷多动障碍患儿注意维持的影响  

Effects of distractors on sustained attention in children with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder

作　　者：徐岩[1] 周晓林[1] 王玉凤[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理与行为研究中心,300074 [2]北京大学精神卫生研究所

出　　处：《中华儿科杂志》2004年第1期44-48,共5页Chinese Journal of Pediatrics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (3 0 0 70 2 60 );国家攀登计划(95 专 0 9);教育部博士点基金(990 0 0 12 7);科学技术重点项目基金(0 10 0 2 );人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目基金;高等学校骨干教师基金的资助

摘　　要：目的　探讨注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)患儿与正常儿童在注意维持能力上的差异 ,分心刺激在不同维持注意水平 (高、低 )上的作用 ,以及不同亚型ADHD患儿在维持注意能力上的异同。方法　通过认知行为实验 ,采用方差分析方法对 2 7名ADHD患儿与 2 9名正常儿童的维持注意能力以及分心刺激的干扰作用进行了探讨 ,并比较了 11名混合型与 11名注意缺陷型ADHD患儿的异同。结果　在非注意维持项目 (优势反应 )上 ,ADHD患儿的错误率与正常儿童相比差异无显著性 ;与无分心刺激时相比 ,分心刺激阻碍了ADHD患儿对靶子的正确反应。在注意维持任务上 ,ADHD患儿的错误率显著高于正常儿童 ;与无分心刺激时相比 ,分心刺激对ADHD患儿的反应起到了促进作用。注意缺陷型和混合型ADHD患儿结果表现基本一致。结论　ADHD患儿存在注意维持缺陷 ;高、低注意维持水平上分心刺激所起的作用存在分离现象 。Objective Using an experimental design combining the sustained attention task (CPT, SART) and the flanker task, we investigated: 1) whether children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) have deficits in their sustained attention; 2) whether distractors have different effects on response to targets at different sustained attention levels; 3) whether different subtypes of ADHD children show different patterns in sustained attention Methods Subjects were recruited from elementary school (Grade 2-6) Twenty seven ADHD children(23 male, 4 female) and 29 normal controls ( 24 male, 5 female) were matched by IQ and age The cognitive experiment measuring reaction times and error rates was conducted on a computer using DMDX software ADHD and normal children′s performance in sustained attention and the effect of distractors were analyzed , and the results of subtypes of ADHD were compared Results ADHD children and normal children did not show significant differences in error rates in their response to dominant (non attentional) item. However, distractors impaired ADHD children′s response to targets. ADHD children also showed more errors than normal children in the sustained attention task, but compared with the non distractor condition, distractors faciliated their response. Conclusions ADHD children have deficits in their sustained attention, reflecting the deficits in brain development More importantly, this study found that the effects of distractors in sustained attention can be dissociated according to the level of demand on sustained attention: distractors interfered with responses to targets when the demand on sustained attention was low, and they facilitated responses to targets when the demand on sustained attention was high There were no significant differences between ADHD inattentive type and ADHD combined type in their deficits in sustained attention

关 键 词：分心刺激 注意缺陷多动障碍 ADHD 儿童 精神障碍 诊断 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]