Δ~6-脂肪酸脱氢酶的分子生物学研究进展  

Progress on Molecular Biology of Δ~6-fatty Acid Desaturases

作　　者：张琦[1] 李明春[1] 孙红妍[1] 孙颖[1] 马海庭[1] 邢来君[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学微生物学系,天津300071

出　　处：《生物工程学报》2004年第3期319-324,共6页Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (No.3 0 2 0 0 176);教育部高等学校骨干教师资助计划项目~~

摘　　要：包括γ_亚麻酸在内的多不饱和脂肪酸由于在人类健康中的重要作用而成为有价值的产品 ,目前市场上对γ_亚麻酸的需求持续增长 ,然而当前来源难以满足市场的需求 ,寻找合适的替代来源将有助于解决这一问题。Δ6 _脂肪酸脱氢酶是多不饱和脂肪酸合成途径中的限速酶 ,这里从Δ6 _脂肪酸脱氢酶的基因克隆、结构和功能的研究、系统进化和基因工程应用等方面探讨了Δ6 _脂肪酸脱氢酶的研究进展。Polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) including γ-linolenic acid are valuable products because of their involvement in several aspects of human health care. GLA has been claimed to play a crucial role in development and prevention of some skin diseases, diabetes, reproductive disorder and others. At present, market demand for most γ-linolenic acid is growing continually and current sources are inadequate for satisfying this demand due to the significant problems of low productivity, complex and expensive downstream process and unstable quality. Therefore, seeking for alternative sources are demanding. Δ 6 -fatty acid desaturase is the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of PUFAs, which catalyses the conversion of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid toγ-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid respectively. Unfortunately, the structure information on membrane desaturases is scarce because of the technical limitations in obtaining quantities of purified protein and the intrinsic difficulties in obtaining crystals from membrane proteins. With the isolation of the genes coding for Δ 6 -fatty acid desaturase from various organisms, its characteristics will be elucidated gradually. Here we concisely reviewed the recent progress on studies of molecular biology including the cloning of Δ 6 -fatty acid desaturase gene, structure and function, phylogeny and prospects of gene engineering application.

关 键 词：△^6-脂肪酸脱氢酶 Γ-亚麻酸 基因工程 系统进化 结构和功能 

分 类 号：Q55[生物学—生物化学]