3～6岁儿童二级错误信念认知的发展  

DEVELOPMENT OF ATTIBUTION OF SECOND-ORDER FALSE-BELIEFS BY 3-TO 6- YEAR-OLD CHILDREN

作　　者：张文新[1] 赵景欣[1] 王益文[1] 张粤萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理系,济南250014

出　　处：《心理学报》2004年第3期327-334,共8页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究"十五"规划项目 (项目批准号 :0 1JAXLX0 15 );全国教育科学"十五"规划重点课题 (课题批准号 :DBA0 10 175 )的资助

摘　　要：采用“新故事”对来自两所幼儿园的 133名 3～ 6岁儿童的二级错误信念进行了测查 ,探查了这一阶段儿童二级错误信念认知的发展。研究主要得出以下结论 :4岁左右的儿童能够掌握二级未知知识 ,但是儿童对于二级错误信念的理解要晚 1～ 2年 ,6岁左右是儿童二级错误信念发展的关键期。儿童对于信念问题的错误回答主要基于一级推理 ,相当一部分的 6岁儿童能够基于二级推理对信念问题做出合理解释。儿童对于二级错误信念认知的发展不是一个全或无的过程 ,而是一个逐步发展的过程。The ability to attribute 2nd-order false-beliefs and its developmental stage were investigated via the 'new stories' paradigm in a sample of 133 children from two kindergartens. The results indicated that children around 4 years old could attribute second-order ignorance, but there was a developmental gap of 1-to-2 years between the attribution of second-order ignorance and second-order false-belief. The critical period for the development of children's attribution of the second-order false-belief was around age six. A majority of 6 year-old children were able to justify their correct false-belief response based on genuine second-order reasoning, while their wrong answers to false-belief questions were mostly based on the first-order reasoning. The development of attribution to the second-order false-belief wasn't an all-or-none process, but one of gradual process.

关 键 词：心理理论 二级未知 二级错误信念 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]