柿胚胎发生发育的研究  

Studies on the Embryogenesis of Persimmon

作　　者：钟云[1] 刘勇[2] 蒋侬辉[3] 刘善军[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所,广州510640 [2]江西农业大学园艺系,南昌330045 [3]广东省韶关学院食品系,韶关512005

出　　处：《园艺学报》2004年第3期353-356,共4页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：江西省自然科学基金项目 ( 3 944 5 )

摘　　要：以甜柿品种‘卡迟莎’和涩柿品种‘高安方柿’为材料 ,采用常规石蜡切片法对胚胎发生发育进行了研究。结果表明 :柿胚珠倒生 ,双珠被 ,薄珠心 ,单孢原细胞 ;大孢子四分体为直线型 ,仅合点端的一个具功能作用 ;蓼型胚囊 ,两个助细胞具角状丝状器 ,两极核在受精前融合为次生核 ,3个反足细胞呈“品”字形排列 ;胚胎发育属于茄型 ,合子约休眠两周后开始分裂 ;胚乳为核型 ,花后 3d开始分裂 ,在球形胚早期开始形成细胞壁 ,在子叶形胚期胚乳组织基本形成。在胚胎发生发育的过程中有胚乳退化 。The embryogenesis of persimmon was mainly studied on the varieties of 'Kazusa'and'Gaoan Fangshi'. Materials were dehydrated, embedded and cut in Paraffin wax. The results were as follows: Their ovules was anatropous, biteguminous and tenuinucellate, archesporium one celled and functioning directly as the megaspore mother cell. The tetrad of megaspores was linear shaped, with the first cell from the chalazal end being functional. The development of the embryo sacs belongs to the'polygonum' type. The female gametophyte consists of egg apparatus, central cell and three antipodal cells at the mature embryo sac stage. The filiform apparatus of each synergid was at the micropyle end. The double fertilization belongs to the premitotic type of syngamy. Three antipodal cells were triangularly arrayed. The embryo develops to conform the 'Solanad' type. Zygote began to divide after anthesis about two weeks. The development of endosperm conforms to the nuclear type. The primary endosperm nucleus began to divide 3 days after anthesis. Endosperms began to undergo cellular endosperm stage at the early globular embryo stage and almost completed at the cotyledonary embryo stage. Many abnormal phenomena were observed during the development of embryo: Endosperm abortion and the division of zygote did not occur, etc.

关 键 词：柿 胚胎发育 胚胎学 

分 类 号：S665.2[农业科学—果树学]