贪欲理性与新教伦理之间的关系及其现实启示  

The Relationship between Greedy Rationality and Protestant Ethics and Its Realistic Enlightenment

作　　者：邱晨 罗龙祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学社会发展学院,江苏 扬州

出　　处：《哲学进展》2023年第1期140-146,共7页Advances in Philosophy

摘　　要：在马克斯·韦伯看来,有些流行的观点可能误解了资本主义精神。比如认为资本主义最本质的坚守是对财富无尽的渴望。资本主义拥有深思熟虑的市场经济手段来实现赢利,而这在根本上都是为了满足内心的贪欲,这是一种贪欲理性。因此,马克斯·韦伯将新教伦理规范下发展出来的资本主义精神作为资本主义起源与发展的关键因素。他认为,尽管对财富的贪得无厌在整个文化史中都可以找到痕迹,但资本主义在新教伦理规范的加持下也体现出对无理性的贪欲的抑制。因此,马克斯·韦伯通过将新教伦理规范内化为资本主义的精神的途径,以实现对于资本主义流行贪欲理性的消解。尽管这一途径不可能消解资本主义社会内部的贪婪本性,但强调通过良好伦理规范以抑制社会普遍存在的贪欲现象,对于我们思考当代中国应当树立什么样的精神文化以推动市场经济,是有一定启示意义的。In the opinion of Max Weber, some popular views may have misunderstood the spirit of capitalism. For example, they believe that the most essential persistence of capitalism is the endless desire for wealth. In order to achieve profit, capitalism uses a well-thought-out means of market economy, which is basically to satisfy inner greed, which is a kind of greed rationality. Therefore, Max Weber took the spirit of capitalism developed under the protestant ethics as the key factor of the origin and development of capitalism. He believes that although the insatiable greed for wealth can be found in the entire cultural history, capitalism, with the blessing of the protestant ethics, also reflects the inhibition of irrational greed. Thus, Max Weber realized the deconstruction of the popular greed rationality of capitalism by internalizing the protestant ethical norms into the spirit of capitalism. Although this approach cannot eliminate the greedy nature within the capitalist society, it is instructive for us to think about what kind of spiritual culture should be set up in contemporary China to promote the market economy by emphasizing the use of good ethics to curb the widespread social greed.

关 键 词：新教伦理 资本主义精神 贪欲理性 天职观 私有制 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]