从身体的历史性到孝意识、“守身”工夫的生成——思孟学派的身体观发微  

From the Historicity of the Body to the Generation of Consciousness of Filial Piety and the Work at “Guarding Body”—Research on the Body View of Simeng School

作　　者：梁兵 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学哲学学院,贵州 贵阳

出　　处：《哲学进展》2023年第12期2408-2416,共9页Advances in Philosophy

摘　　要：思孟学派笃行孝道,且极度重视身体,固执“守身”。那么,他们的孝行和他们对身体的认识是否存在关联呢?这种关联如何?思孟学派站在“立人极”的视角,观察出“天圆地方”的宇宙观,通过上溯“己身–父母–祖父母……始祖……天地”这个身体生成历史来认识己身,从而将己身看作父母之“遗体”、“阴阳之精”。在思孟学派认识了宇宙整体与己身的关系之后,他们的孝意识便产生了。思孟学派以报本反始为行孝的动力,去孝父母、天地,最终将孝道落实为以“居仁由义”为要义的日常“守身”工夫。他们的身体意识,发端于亲亲之域,根源于天道之思,表现出既爱身又舍身的吊诡,而又推及对妻、子的敬爱。反观当下,人类世界出现了越来越多的抑郁、不良生活习惯等现象,从思孟学派的身体观视角来看,这些行为都属于伤害自身的不孝之举。若人们能意识到己身的生成历史以及己身的珍贵,或许能“居易以侍命”,而不至于如此伤害自己的身体。The Simeng School practiced filial piety, at the same time, they attached great importance to the body, which means stubbornly “guarding body”. So, is there a connection between their filial piety and their knowledge of the body? How about the connection? From the “set people pole” perspective, the Simeng School observed the cosmological view of “hemispherical dome cosmology”. They recall the history of “oneself-parents-grandparents-patriarchs… -the universe” to understand their bodies, thus regards the body as the “remains of the parents” and the “quintessence of Yin and Yang”. After the Simeng School understood the relationship between the whole universe and their own bodies, their filial piety consciousness came into being. The Simeng School takes the returning to the roots as the driving force of filial piety for parents and the universe, and then implements the daily work of “guarding body” with “living in benevolence by righteousness”. Their consciousness of the body, originating in the realm of kinship and rooted in the thought of heavenly ways, shows the dangling of both loving and giving up the body, while pushing forward to honoring and loving their wife and children. In contrast, at present, there are more and more depression and bad living habits in the human world. From the perspective of the body view of the Simeng School, these behaviors belong to the unfilial actions that hurt oneself. If people can realize the history of their own bodies and the preciousness of their own bodies, or they can “live in the easy and serve the destiny”, they will not harm their bodies so.

关 键 词：思孟学派 身体观 立人极 天圆地方 “守身” 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]