The Effectiveness of Ketamine Compared to Opioid Analgesics for Management of Acute Pain in Children in the Emergency Department: Systematic Review  

作　　者：Elham Alenzi Elham Alenzi(Ministry of Health, Maternity and Child Hospital, Skaka, Saudi Arabia)

机构地区：[1]Ministry of Health, Maternity and Child Hospital, Skaka, Saudi Arabia

出　　处：《Health》2021年第11期1346-1364,共19页健康（英文）

摘　　要：<strong>Background:</strong> Ketamine is increasingly being used as an alternative to opioids in the management of acute pain in the emergency department. In turn, there is increasing research attention to prove the efficacy of ketamine as an analgesic in children presenting in the emergency department. <strong>Objective:</strong> The first objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of ketamine compared to opioid analgesics for pain management in children aged two months to 18 years who have acute pain in the emergency department. The second objective was to compare the adverse events and side effects associated with ketamine with those associated with opioids used for pain management. <strong>Methods:</strong> A systematic review, using the JBI systematic review was completed. A computerised search from five databases;CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCARE and PubMed, and Cochrane. The included studies were appraised by JBI critical appraisal tool for randomised controlled trials and the study results analysed. <strong>Findings: </strong>Four randomised control trial studies were included in this systematic review. All the included studies compared ketamine with opioids (morphine and fentanyl) for the management of severe pain in children. The studies were of high methodological quality based on JBI critical appraisal outcome. Meta-analysis was not possible because of the heterogeneity of the studies, especially in terms of different outcome measures, and the approaches (pain assessment tool) used to measure the pain outcomes. The review identified that ketamine demonstrated a non-inferior analgesia effect compared to opioid medication (morphine or fentanyl) as determined by various pain scores used in different studies. However, ketamine use was associated with increased frequency of occurrence of temporary adverse effects that do not require clinical attention.<strong> Conclusion: </strong>Based on the findings from the review, ketamine is a suitable alternative for opioid analgesics for the mana<strong>Background:</strong> Ketamine is increasingly being used as an alternative to opioids in the management of acute pain in the emergency department. In turn, there is increasing research attention to prove the efficacy of ketamine as an analgesic in children presenting in the emergency department. <strong>Objective:</strong> The first objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of ketamine compared to opioid analgesics for pain management in children aged two months to 18 years who have acute pain in the emergency department. The second objective was to compare the adverse events and side effects associated with ketamine with those associated with opioids used for pain management. <strong>Methods:</strong> A systematic review, using the JBI systematic review was completed. A computerised search from five databases;CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCARE and PubMed, and Cochrane. The included studies were appraised by JBI critical appraisal tool for randomised controlled trials and the study results analysed. <strong>Findings: </strong>Four randomised control trial studies were included in this systematic review. All the included studies compared ketamine with opioids (morphine and fentanyl) for the management of severe pain in children. The studies were of high methodological quality based on JBI critical appraisal outcome. Meta-analysis was not possible because of the heterogeneity of the studies, especially in terms of different outcome measures, and the approaches (pain assessment tool) used to measure the pain outcomes. The review identified that ketamine demonstrated a non-inferior analgesia effect compared to opioid medication (morphine or fentanyl) as determined by various pain scores used in different studies. However, ketamine use was associated with increased frequency of occurrence of temporary adverse effects that do not require clinical attention.<strong> Conclusion: </strong>Based on the findings from the review, ketamine is a suitable alternative for opioid analgesics for the mana

关 键 词：CHILDREN KETAMINE Opioid Pain PAEDIATRICS INTRAMUSCULAR INTRANASAL Intravenous Morphine MANAGEMENT Analgesia 

分 类 号：R96[医药卫生—药理学]