the Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Grant No.KZCX1-sw-01-16);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40076009 , 90411011); the One Hundred Talents Project of CAS.
The monthly circulations on isopycnal surface in the western North Pacific are calculated based on the Navy’s Generalized Digital Environmental Model climatological tem- perature and salinity data on a 1/2° × 1/2°...