Supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20040003095) and the Cul-tivation Fund of the Key Grant Scientific and Technical Innova-tion Project, Ministry of Education of China (No. 704003)
Severe earthquakes continue to cause major catastrophes. Many devices in active, hybrid, and semi-active structural control systems which are used as controllable force devices are costly to build and maintain. The pa...