This study was supported by funding from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to M.A.S.;the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31172101)to X.F.Y.;the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2007CB109100)to X.F.Y.;the H.Fenner Research Fund of Wilkes University(M.A.S.);M.A.S also recognizes support of a Bullard Fellowship from Harvard Forest,Harvard University and the National Science Foundation(DEB 15556707);Support during final preparation of the manuscript was provided by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program to A.W.B.and R.C.
Fitness of parents and offspring is affected by offspring size.In oaks(Quercus spp.),acorns vary considerably in size across,and within,species.Seed size influences dispersal and establishment of oaks,but it is not kn...