Typical Parkinsonian symptoms consist of bradykinesia plus rigidity and/or resting tremor. Some time later postural instability occurs. Pre-motor symptoms such as hyposmia, constipation, REM sleep behavior disorder an...
supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81370470 and 81171201);National Basic Research Development Program of China 2011CB510003)
Hyposmia, identified as reduced sensitivity to odor, is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that antedates the typical motor symptoms by several years. It occurs in -90% of early-stage cases of P...