supported by the Huazhong University of Science and Technology(2024JCYJ044 and 2023JCYJ033);the Key Research and Development ProgramofWuhan(2024020702030123);the Major Program(JD)of Hubei Province(2023BAA005);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92148206 and 82071330);the Research Fund of Tongji Hospital(2022B37).
The brainstem,often referred to as the“vital center of life,”controls functions such as breathing,heartbeat,consciousness,and sensory and motor functions.It is densely packed with structures responsible for critical...