The operator T from a domain D into the space of measurable functions is called a nonanticipating (causal) operator if the past information is independent from the future outputs. We will study the solution x(t) of a ...
The big problem of Big Data is the lack of a machine learning process that scales and finds meaningful features. Humans fill in for the insufficient automation, but the complexity of the tasks outpaces the human mind...
Proposed here is a new framework for the analysis of complex systems as a non-explicitly programmed mathematical hierarchy of subsystems using only the fundamental principle of causality, the mathematics of groupoid s...
Confounding of three binary-variable counterfactual model with directed acyclic graph (DAG) is discussed in this paper. According to the effect between the control variable and the covariate variable, we investigate t...
This paper takes the basic mathematical operations required to manipulate the cognitive maps. This paper start by presenting all the values that a causal relationship can take. By the using of causal algebra, cognitiv...