精准扶贫政策对教育公平的影响——来自准自然实验的证据  

The Impact of Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policy on Educational Equity:Evidence from Quasi-Natural Experiment

作　　者：陈言[1] 刘荆丽 CHEN Yan;LIU Jingli(Center For Economic Research,Shandong University,250100)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济研究院,山东济南250100 [2]中泰期货股份有限公司

出　　处：《制度经济学研究》2024年第2期245-274,共30页Research on Institutional Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金“经济高质量发展阶段的资源错配影响要素收入分配的机制研究”(21BJL034)

摘　　要：精准扶贫政策能否显著改善中国家庭的性别和城乡间教育差距?基于2012~2018年四轮中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,本研究采用准自然实验方法分析精准扶贫政策对贫困家庭子女受教育水平的影响和内在机制。研究发现:(1)精准扶贫政策促进了教育公平,使贫困家庭子女的平均受教育年限提高1.1个月,其中子代女性的平均受教育年限增加3.1个月;(2)精准扶贫政策的实施通过提高教育支出占比和改善家庭成员健康程度影响子女教育;(3)政策效应在性别和城乡间具有显著的异质性。上述研究结果通过了平行趋势检验、倾向匹配得分估计(PSM)等一系列稳健性分析。据此,我们提出如下政策建议,巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果要进一步缩小城乡之间和地区之间的公共服务差距,切实为低收入群体创造更多发展机会,促进家庭人力资本积累。Can targeted poverty alleviation policy significantly improve the gender and urban-rural education gaps in Chinese families?Based on the data of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)from 2012 to 2018,this paper uses a quasi-natural experiment method to analyze the impact and underlying mechanism of targeted poverty alleviation policy on the education level of children from low-income families.The results show that:(1)the targeted poverty alleviation policy has promoted equality in education,increasing the average schooling years of children from poor families by 1.1 months,of which the average schooling years of female children have increased by 3.1 months.(2)the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy affects children's education by increasing the proportion of education expenditure and improving the health status of family members.(3)the policy effect has significant heterogeneity in gender and urban-rural.The above results pass robustness tests like the parallel trend test and Propensity Score Matching(PSM).Based on these findings,we propose the following policy recommendations:further narrow the gap of public services between urban and rural areas and between regions to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation,effectively create more development opportunities for low-income groups,and promote the accumulation of household human capital.

关 键 词：精准扶贫 教育公平 准自然实验 性别教育差距 城乡教育差距 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学] F323.8[文化科学—教育技术学]