“回忆说”困境与“爱的迷狂”——柏拉图灵魂认知理论的探究  

“The Dilemma of Recollection” and “the Madness of Love”:On Plato’s Theory of Soul Cognition

作　　者：谢一玭 XIE Yipin

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学哲学系,大连116024

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2020年第1期54-63,84,共11页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：大连理工大学基本科研项目“柏拉图正义观的演进”的阶段性成果.

摘　　要：柏拉图通过"灵魂回忆"来沟通理念世界和现实世界,因此,"灵魂回忆说"是"理念论"的主要认识路径。然而,这条认识道路有着它自身无法跨越的逻辑障碍:灵魂自身具有非统一性或者说二元性(在世灵魂与纯粹灵魂),对真理(或者纯粹灵魂)的认知要么死后才能获得,要么只能凭借在世灵魂不纯粹的理性推理功能获得一种意见,而不是知识。面对这个难题,柏拉图在中晚期著作《会饮》《斐德罗》中,提出了另外一条认知道路——爱的认识道路。爱欲沟通"有知"和"无知",是在世灵魂不断朝向神圣灵魂的涌动性、生长性力量。而在爱欲的巅峰状态即"爱的迷狂"中,二分的灵魂才能实现真正的统一,对理念的认识才是可能的。尽管这条认知路径对于柏拉图来说具有逻辑自洽性,且具有现实经验基础,但遗留了更大的问题。Plato’s"soul recollection theory"is not only a bridge between the ideal world and the real world,but also the main cognitive path of Plato.However,this cognitive path has its own logic barrier that cannot be crossed:the soul itself has the nonunity or duality(living soul and pure soul),and the cognition of truth(or pure soul)can only be obtained after death,or only by virtue of the non-pure rational reasoning function of living soul to obtain a kind of opinion,without knowledge.Facing this problem,Plato put forward another way to know truth-love in his later works"Symposium"and"Phaedrus".Eros communicates"knowing"and"ignorance",which is a surging and growing power from the living soul to the pure soul.And in the peak state of Eros:"ecstasy of love",the two souls can realize the true unity,and the understanding of the IDEA is possible.Although this cognitive path has logical self-consistency and practical experience foundation,there are more problems left here.

关 键 词：灵魂 回忆说 爱欲 迷狂 

分 类 号：B502.232[哲学宗教—外国哲学]