戴侗字词关系思想探析  

Analysis of Dai Tong's Thoughts on the Relationship between Chinese Characters and Words

作　　者：张素凤[1] 葛海楠 Zhang Sufeng;Ge Hainan

机构地区：[1]郑州大学文学院、汉字文明传承传播与教育研究中心,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《民俗典籍文字研究》2022年第2期131-145,278,共16页

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“汉语字词关系研究史”(批准号:19AYY016)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：戴侗虽没有创建关于语言文字的科学术语,却清楚阐释了语言第一性、文字第二性的关系。他明确指出“六书”是以字表词的六种方式,并通过标明每一个字的“六书”所属,传达出其所言“六书”的内涵。对于假借,他首次提出记录引申义不属于假借,使引申与假借界限分明。对多音词、同词异字、同字异词等现象的分析阐述,说明他对字词不对应现象有明确认识。戴侗还从发生学角度阐释了同源词派生与汉字孳乳分化的关系,说明汉字由文而字,文和字再通过假借、引申、组合等手段扩大职能,从而担负起全面记录语言的职能。Although Dai Tong did not create scientific terms about language and characters,he clearly explained the relationship between the language which is primary nature and the characters which is secondary nature.He clearly pointed out that the“LiuShu”are the six ways of expressing words in characters,and expressed the connotation of the“LiuShu”by indicating the attribute name of each character.For the first time,he put forward that recording the extended meaning does not belong to the JiaJie,which makes the boundary between the extension and the JiaJie clear.The exposition for the polyphonic words,different characters for the same word,different words for the same character,and so on,shows that he has a clear understanding of the phenomenon of non-correspondence between characters and words.Da Tong also explained the relationship between the cognate words Differentiating and Chinese characters breeding from the perspective of genealogy,explaining that Zi are derived from Wen,and then Wen and Zi expand their functions by means of JiaJie,extension and combination,so as to shoulder the overall function of recording language.

关 键 词：字 词 假借 引申 孳乳 

分 类 号：H122[语言文字—汉语]