从梵汉对勘看《道行般若经》中的关系小句  

A Study on the Relative Clauses of Astasāhasrikā Prajnāpāramitā Translated by Lokasema

作　　者：于方圆 Yu Fangyuan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京市100732

出　　处：《汉语史学报》2022年第2期37-52,共16页Journal of Chinese Language History

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“佛典语言的中国化”(20&ZD304)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文使用梵汉对勘的材料考察了《道行般若经》中关系小句的分布.整体看来,本经中的关系小句沿用了汉语的关系标记,遵循了汉语的关系化策略.关系标记间的差异较为清晰:在有核关系小句中,前置型关系小句以"所"字为主,主要关系化动词、介词宾语,后置型关系小句以"者"字最为常见,主要关系化主语,"之"字关系小句仅见到少量前置用例,关系化主语和旁语.无标记的关系小句开始崭露头角,功能与"之"字关系小句类似.另外,本经中有一些语序十分特别的用例,如核心名词和中心语隔开的"者"字关系小句、关系化介词宾语时核心名词出现在介词后的"所"字关系小句、后置的无标记关系小句等,体现出原典语言对早期汉文译经语言的影响.This paper takes the relative clauses in Lokasema's translation of Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita as the research object and investigates the distributions of various relative clauses.On the whole,the relative clauses in this sutra take use of Chinese relative markers,follow the Chinese strategy of relationalization,and the object of rela-tionalization does not go beyond the Chinese scope,The difference of three relative markers is still evident:In relative clauses with head noun,relative clauses marked by“suo(所)”oc-cupy the position before the head noun,and are used to relativize the object of verbs or prepositions,relative clauses marked by“zhe(者)”tend to appear after the head noun,and are used to relativize the subject,relative clauses marked by“zhi(之)”which also appear before the head noun are very rare.Unmarked relative clauses begin to emerge,with func-tions similar to“zhi(之)”。In addition,there are also some cases in which special uses are.provided,st such in some ative clauses;marked by“zhe(者)”the head noun.and the rel-ative clause are separated,in some relative clauses marked by“suo(所)”the marker appears before the preposition when the object of the preposition is relatived,or unmarked relative clause comes after the head noun,etc.These reflect the impact of original language on the early Chinese translation of the Buddist scriptures.

关 键 词：汉译佛经 关系小句 梵汉对勘 同经异译 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语] H711