3-6岁幼儿在分类实验中概括能力的发展  

A STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENERALIZING ABILITY IN CLASSIFICATION BETWEEN THE AGES OF 3 AND 6

作　　者：吕静[1] 庞虹[1] 汪文鋆 卢琬君 

机构地区：[1]杭州大学心理系

出　　处：《心理学报》1987年第1期1-9,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：联合国儿童基金会的资助

摘　　要：本研究通过设计不同性质的分类实验,探讨3-6岁幼儿抽象概括能力的发展。我们根据年龄将幼儿分为四个组,每组80人,共320人。通过实验获得以下几点。①幼儿在各种不同性质的分类实验中可表现为四级不同的水平,如从根据表面的个别特征进行分类发展到根据内部的本质特征进行分类,从一维角度的分类发展到从两维角度来分类等。⑦达到各个水平的年龄不是截然划分的,而是互相交织的,随着年龄的增加,低级水平的人数不断减少,高级水平的人数不断增加。所以年龄阶段之间既有质的变化,又有量的变化。③对于不同性质的分类材料,各年龄所达到的概括水平也不同,分类材料的难度越大,概括水平越低。④儿童概括水平的高低受教育条件的影响。This study was made among 32-children between the ages of 3 and 6. The results showed that:1. Preschool children's generalizing ability in classification had 4 levels of development.2. The different levels of generalizing ability in classification between the age groups of 3、4、5 and 6 were not 'clearly defined, but transferred from one level to the next The level rose gradually with age.3. Different levels of generalization were found within the same-age group in the classification of different objects, requests and conditions.4. Generalizing ability was influenced by educational conditions.

关 键 词：儿童 概括水平 分类材料 抽象概括能力 百分比 年龄阶段 几何图形 能力发展 不同性质 物体 

分 类 号：B[哲学宗教]