基于文献阐释法的视频分析理论及其在学校仪式研究中的运用——以柏林一所改革教育小学的“早晨圆圈”仪式为例  

Theory and Application of Docmentary Viedointerpretation——An analysis of Morning Circle ritual in a Berlin Primary school

作　　者：陈红燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]德国柏林自由大学

出　　处：《教育学术月刊》2014年第5期23-30,共8页Education Research Monthly

摘　　要：基于文献阐释法的视频分析是由柏林自由大学博恩扎克教授基于知识社会学的相关理论而发展起来的一种微观分析方法。它主要关注身体行动的生产性及建构性,注重行动主体所在场域的惯习,默会知识的重构,通过视频中所呈现的图片、文本及声音三个维度,进行形式化阐释,反身阐释,类型及一般化三个水平的分析,旨在揭示观察对象的同一性。该分析法对于越来越关注"过程性"、"日常生活"、"具身认知",时间与空间都高度结构化了的学校研究无疑有着重要的意义。文章后半部分根据作者自身的研究课题,以柏林一所改革教育小学每周一早晨例行的"圆圈仪式"为例,分析师生互动(冲突片段)呈现过程中的规则让渡与共识,又特别关注其中学生身体、教师身体与空间之间的关系分析。需要说明的是,视频研究如同其他常用的人类学方法一样,需要长时间的追踪才能获得可靠的数据。视频拍摄虽然满足了人类学家们对"原汁原味"的诉求,但镜头所产生的"焦点"扩大化效应也应当极力避免,因此将其与传统的日志写作,录音采访,田野调查相结合也显得十分必要。As one of efficient way to collect data, video(videotape) recording has been used from the beginning of ethnography studies. The Documentary Videointerpretation is one of widely applied methods in German Educational Anthropology research field. It is founded by Prof. Ralf Bohnsack who is from Free University of Berlin, based on Karl Mannheim's sociology of knowledge. What he emphasizes in the whole process is the productive and constructive of body and how habitus, implicit knowledge are represented and reconstructed by subjects. He asserts that through the interpretation of formulating, reflecting and typification of the video, the homologous elements can be explicated. A practical example of a reform school(with migrant context) in Berlin is used for demonstrating the method. The scene was taken from one of the morning circle ritual, focused on the dealing of ‘conflict' happened between the interaction of teacher-student. It means to show how the play rule appeared, negotiated and came into the common-sense. Furthermore, the body movement of students and teacher, the relation among body, space and time are highlighted. Nevertheless,the making of video, just las the other traditional ethnography methods,need long time to follow since the comparison is necessary during the analysing process.It needs to point out that even the video making can satisfy the pursuing of ‘natural' ‘primary' of anthropology studies, the exaggeration of the ‘focus' should not be neglected. In this case, a combination of jottings, recording, and field interview with video should also be considered.

关 键 词：文献阐释法 视频分析 早晨圆圈仪式 惯习 

分 类 号：G40-034[文化科学—教育学原理]