幼儿从电视中学单词──项伴随学习的研究  

YOUNG CHILDREN LEARN WORDS ON TV-A STUDY OF INCIDENTAL LEARNING

作　　者：陈华峰[1] 彭聃龄[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学系

出　　处：《心理科学》1995年第1期22-28,65,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：对幼儿从电视中伴随学习单词的可能性及其影响因素进行了初步的探讨。４０名小班幼儿和４６名大班幼儿参加了实验，他们在接近自然的状态下观看有字幕的动画片。结果发现：幼儿在无任何指导的情况下观看有字幕的动画片，能伴随学习到汉字，这表明，电视对幼儿的词汇发展有着积极的影响；不同性别的儿童都能同等程度地从电视中伴随学习到单词；词义的伴随学习受幼儿原有的词汇水平和幼儿对目标词熟悉程度的影响；词音的伴随学习只发生在词汇水平较高的幼儿当中，并且随着幼儿对目标词熟悉程度的增加而增加；词音和词义的伴随学习存在频度效应。This study preliminarily inyestigated the possibility of young children incidentally learning words on television and the factors whichmight affect it. 86 pre-schoolers(40 from bottomclass and 46 from high class) participated inthis study. They watched cartoons with captions on television under near-natural-viewing condition. The main results in this study were as follows: 1) Young children were able to learn Chinese characters during viewing cartoons with captions without any guidance. It suggested that watching television had a positive effect on pre-schoolers' vocabulary development: 2)Boys and girls could all incidentally learn words on television; 3) Grapheme-meaning incidental learning was not affected by pre-schoolers'primary vocabulary level and familiarity of target words; 4) Grapheme-phoneme incidental learning only occured to for the preschoolers with a higher level of vocabulary and increasedwith the familiarity of target words; 5) The frequency effect existed both in graphememeaning and grapheme-phoneme incidental learning.

关 键 词：伴随学习 词汇发展 词汇水平 目标词熟悉程度 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]