从高校新生开始的健康教育/健康促进的效果评价  

Effectiveness of health education/health promotion since entrance of freshmen

作　　者：樊晓光[1] 周东明[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学师范学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2005年第2期91-93,共3页Chinese Journal of Health Education

摘　　要：目的探索高校健康教育和健康促进的有效模式,为有关素质教育研究提供依据。方法整群选取青岛大学师范学院1999～2003年入学新生13194名为前瞻性5年干预实验研究的目标人群。以新生入学进行系统健康教育为切入点,实施多部门合作的综合健康促进干预模式。用标准化测试的健康指数和发病率及辍学率为观察指标,比较干预前后的变化。结果干预近期效果大学新生健康教育后康奈尔健康指数(CMI)中身心健康总分(A-R)、心理健康总分(M-R)及生理健康(A-L)各项因子分值均降低;显示整体健康水平显著提高(P<001),心理健康水平的提高尤以适应性(M)提高、抑郁(N)水平下降为著(P<001)。在干预过程中,在校生发病率随健康教育/健康促进目标人群的逐年增加而呈递减趋势,从2001年起降低有显著性差异(P<005)。干预长期效果项目终端2003年辍学率较干预前(1998年)显著下降(118%∶063%,P<001),尤以健康原因构成比下降明显(P<001)。结论以高校社区为基础,从新生入学开始的健康教育和多部门合作的综合健康促进干预,是增强学生体质、提高学生身心健康水平,降低发病率及辍学率的有效模式。Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of health education/health promotion among college students since they enter the college. Methods Since 1998 to 2003 a 5-year program of comprehensive health education/health promotion was implemented in Teachers' College, Qingdao University: health education lectures were given, health policies were developed, relevant administrative departments were engaged in health surveillance, medical department ran psychological counseling and established health records for students, and teachers conducted counseling for students. Cornell Medical Index (CMI) was used to test the psychological and physical health before and by the end of the program among 178 students. Results CMI showed a decrease of general score, and A-R, M-R, M, I, and L scores. The morbidity decreased gradually, and significantly decreased since 2001 (all P<0.05). The dropout rate decreased from 1.81% in 1998 to 0.63% in 2003 (P<0.05). Health factors made up 17.65% of the reasons of dropout in 2003 significantly lower than that in 1998 (83.33%, P<0.01). Conclusion Institution of higher education-based comprehensive health promotion intervention since entrance is effective in improving the psychosomatic health of students and decreasing morbidity and dropout rate.

关 键 词：健康教育 健康促进 高校 大学新生 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]